Should Drugs Be Legalized - 1005 Words

Drugs are upon the most controversial topics in the world, they are known for many reasons for bringing evil among the communities. They affect lower class families who struggle to make living in the world. The drug trade industry has lead politicians to corruption, because it makes them have more power. Drugs have made a huge impact in today’s society, although people will argue and agree that drugs can make the world a better place if they were just to be legalized. If drugs were to be legalized, it would make the problem an even bigger one. If drugs were to be legalized, then people would have easier access to them, leading to a drugs because abuse, making the person react to the effects of the drug and making horrible decisions. The drug industry has brought a lot of issues over the years. It has the people committing illegal activities. For example, a bag of cocaine coming from El Salvador would have to pass numerous borders just to reach its destination somewhere in Nort h America. For a bag cocaine to reach its destination safely, it would involve countless amounts of humans and that would involve numerous amounts of risks. Humans are willing to put their lives at risks just for a simple a bag of cocaine. Drugs have had a major impact on recent generations than any other. According to an article, Drug Legalization: Rescuing Central America from the Claws of Crime, written by authors, Cachanosky, Ivan, Vannia J. Zelaya, and Walter E. Block. The drug trade industryShow MoreRelatedShould Drugs be Legalized?1007 Words   |  4 PagesShould all drugs be legalized? Suppose that someone has some life threatening illness and suppose that a drug that has not yet been approved by the FDA can cure this illness. Should he have to die just because some government bureaucrat tells him that he cannot have this drug? There are millions of AIDS patients in similar tragedy. The two most harmful and dangerous substances are alcohol and tobacco. Yet, they are legal, only because they are popular. Marianne Apostolides of the pro-legalizationRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized? Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pageslegalization of drugs is among the most polarizing issues faced by the US government today. The increase in organized crime related to drug trafficking has forced a uthorities to reevaluate their stance on their legalization issue, and yet there are those in the civil society that oppose such legalization vehemently. Though there is evidence that many of the banned and scheduled substances can be attributed to a range of health benefits and treatment of diseases, the American experience with drugs has beenRead MoreShould Drugs be Legalized?1187 Words   |  5 PagesDrug laws apply on state and federal levels. In federal circumstances, â€Å"convictions are from drug trafficking† and in the states, it’s for â€Å"drug possession.† The federal punishments are longer sentences and harsher punishment while the states place the arrestee is charged with misdemeanor and is put on probation, short jail term, or a fine. However, in court, if the criminal pleads guilty, they keep a clean criminal record and take a prescribed substance abuse program†¦vacated†¦and [18 months later]Read MoreShould Drug Be Legalized?1358 Word s   |  6 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? Drugs are actually kind of brilliant products as they bring a lot of advantages to our society especially in medical area except when someone misuses them. Because of these abuses, certain drugs have been designated as illegal articles in lots of countries across the globe. Thus, we can see that in these recent decades, our society has involved in holy drug wars with the aim to strike against this disastrous drug abuses trend. However, a new phenomenon occurs when someRead MoreDrugs Should Be Legalized?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt seems that drugs should be legalized because, â€Å"the existing evidence suggests that net costs for drugs are higher under probation-substantially higher in some cases† (Miron, 839). Miron is proposing that prohibition leads to significantly high prices for drugs which creates incentives for suppliers to develop a black market and make enormous profits. By legalizing drugs, he argues that the price will be driven down so that the black market will be eliminated because the profits will not beRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1801 Words   |  8 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? What can be considered by far the most terrible evil, exciting an increasing number of very young people who cannot in consequence of the normal full life? Evil, which first brings joy, then life turns into a nightmare? Evil that breaks the health and life of the person obeyed it, all his family and friends? Evil, which spreads very quickly, while hitting not only the body but also the soul of person? Some people want to earn money from this evil, others - are trying toRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1239 Words   |  5 Pages80-90% of all inmates are incarcerated due to drug related crime or robbery to help pay for their drugs that they owe money on. For these inmates dealing with drugs is something very normal in their lives. Drugs being involved in prisons is also something that is very similar to the world. Prison guards find an inmate trying to smuggle in drugs at least once a week. As seen on Orange is the New Black in many episodes in season 2 and 3 the inmates smuggled in tobacco for cigarettes and Nicky got inRead MoreHard Drugs Should Not be Legalized937 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Cobain once expressed the idea that, â€Å"drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect and everything that goes along with your self-esteem†. The issue of drugs has always been a very controversial issue, the debate on whether or not all abusive substances should be legalized. There are many sides to this argument and in the United States this issue draws two types of people to the debate: those for the legalization of hard drugs and those against it. Ever since our earliestRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?2054 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Drug misuse refers to the use of a drug for purposes for which it was not intended or using a drug in excessive quantities† (Powell, 2011). It is a widely discussed topic in contemporary society. The argument as to whether drugs should be legalised has been ongoing for many decades. Legalisation and regulation of some illicit drugs are now on the agenda. Statistics have shown that in 2014-2015, around 1 in 12 (8.6%) adults aged 16 to 59 had taken an illicit drug (Home Office, 2015). Illicit drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized?932 Words   |  4 PagesThe subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to flip its war on dru gs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatly

Indian Consumer Behavior Free Essays

CONSUMER LIFESTYLES IN INDIA (NOVEMBER 2004) 1. INTRODUCTION This report analyses consumer lifestyles in India and forms part of a 52-country series that complements the Euro monitor Consumer Lifestyles Database. Each country profile is structured under the following sub-headings: †¢ Population †¢ Consumer segmentation †¢ Regional development †¢ Home ownership †¢ Household profiles †¢ Labour †¢ Income †¢ Consumer and family expenditure †¢ Health †¢ Education †¢ Eating habits †¢ Drinking habits †¢ Shopping †¢ Personal grooming †¢ Fashion †¢ Leisure †¢ Savings †¢ Media †¢ Communications Transport †¢ Tourism The information in this report was gathered from a wide range of sources, starting with the national statistical agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Consumer Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now This information was cross-checked for consistency, probability and mathematical accuracy. Secondly, we sought to fill in the gaps in the official National statistical offices by using private sector surveys and official pan-regional and global sources. Furthermore, Euromonitor has carried out an extensive amount of modelling in order to come up with interesting data sets to complement the national standards available. The wide range of sources used in the compilation of this report means that there are occasionally discrepancies in the data which we were not able to reconcile in every instance. Even when the data is produced by the same national statistical office on a specific parameter, like the total population in a particular year, discrepancies can occur depending on whether it was derived from a survey, a national census or a projection and whether the data are mid-year or January. For slow trends, data are presented for 1990, 1995 and 2000-2003. Where it is interesting to look at projections, the data encompasses 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Fast-moving trends such as communications are illustrated with data sets relating to 1990, 1995, 2000-2005, 2010 and 2015. Consumer goods data cover the period 1998-2003. 2. POPULATION 2. 1 Population by Age 700 million Indians are under the age of 35, making India one of the youngest nations in the world. The population of youth is almost equally divided between men and women, and in terms of numbers is more than the population of Latin America and the Caribbean put together. The changing demographics can be attributed to a slowdown in birth rate during the 1990s as well as rising levels of diseases amongst the 30+ age group. The biggest attraction for international players is perhaps the sheer numbers that provide them turnovers that corporates dream of. The 5-9 year-age group was the largest in 2004 though growth rates have been dropping over the review period. By the end of the forecast period though, the 15-19 year-age group is expected to be the largest in a digression from the historical trend indicating that the country will age slowly. In absolute terms, 10-14 year olds, 15-19 year olds and 20-24 year olds grew by approximately 25% since 1990. The changing demographics has been due to the high levels of birth rate in the last decade resulting in a population that attained these age levels post 2000. The population above 70 years of age will more than have doubled over the 1990-2015 period. 97% growth is expected amongst the 80+ group over the 2000-2015 period. Migration to other countries, better healthcare and a slowdown in birth rate are expected to contribute to some of these trends. The median age of the population is rising, albeit extremely slowly. Death rates are dropping gradually with improved access to healthcare but it is also accompanied by rather high levels of birth rate. According to an Oxford University Press publication by Tim Dyson, Robert Cassen and Leela Visaria by 2015, shifts are expected. The median age would rise to 31 from the current 24, and the proportion of 60+ would rise from 7% to 11%. Table 1 Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 114,799 119,235 120,974 117,342 116,462 116,324 5-9 yrs 102,289 110,845 115,921 118,296 115,260 114,758 10-14 yrs 89,781 100,560 109,302 114,583 117,137 114,226 15-19 yrs 85,268 88,870 99,696 08,541 113,937 116,575 20-24 yrs 77,264 84,180 87,878 98,790 107,722 113,188 25-29 yrs 68,307 76,098 83,001 86,771 97,607 106,430 30-34 yrs 59,422 67,262 74,926 81,753 85,361 95,802 35-39 yrs 49,661 58,435 66,152 73,656 80,244 83,504 40-44 yrs 41,157 48,632 57,281 64,854 72,146 78,395 45-49 yrs 35,384 39,977 47,346 55,842 63,253 70,294 50-54 yrs 31,1 25 33,892 38,442 45,667 53,980 61,191 55-59 yrs 26,547 29,144 31,917 36,391 43,422 51,469 60-64 yrs 21,023 23,942 26,496 29,242 33,590 40,300 65-69 yrs 15,507 17,879 20,598 23,047 25,711 29,807 70-74 yrs 10,547 12,112 14,196 16,614 18,870 21,331 75-79 yrs 6,274 7,213 8,471 10,146 12,127 4,023 80+ yrs 3,678 4,497 5,951 7,536 9,431 11,708 TOTAL 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,089,072 1,166,258 1,239,325 Median age of 21. 68 22. 45 23. 28 24. 31 25. 62 27. 05 population (Years) Death rates (per ‘000 10. 63 9. 49 8. 67 8. 07 7. 66 7. 49 inhabitants) Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 2 Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 70 12. 92 11. 99 10. 77 9. 99 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 21 12. 01 11. 49 10. 86 9. 88 9. 26 10-14 yrs 10. 71 10. 90 10. 84 10. 52 10. 04 9. 22 15-19 yrs 10. 17 9. 63 9. 89 9. 97 9. 77 9. 41 20-24 yrs 9. 22 9. 12 8. 71 9. 07 9. 4 9. 13 25-29 yrs 8. 15 8. 25 8. 23 7. 97 8. 37 8. 59 30-34 yrs 7. 09 7. 29 7. 43 7. 51 7. 32 7. 73 35-39 yrs 5. 93 6. 33 6. 56 6. 76 6. 88 6. 74 40-44 yrs 4. 91 5. 27 5. 68 5. 95 6. 19 6. 33 45-49 yrs 4. 22 4. 33 4. 69 5. 13 5. 42 5. 67 50-54 yrs 3. 71 3. 67 3. 81 4. 19 4. 63 4. 94 55-59 yrs 3. 17 3. 16 3. 16 3. 34 3. 72 4. 15 60-64 yrs 2. 51 2. 59 2. 63 2. 69 2. 88 3. 25 65-69 yrs 1. 85 1. 94 2. 04 2. 12 2. 20 2. 41 70-74 yrs 1. 26 1. 31 1. 41 1. 53 1. 62 1. 72 75-79 yrs 0. 75 0. 78 0. 84 0. 93 1. 04 1. 13 80+ yrs 0. 44 0. 49 0. 59 0. 69 0. 81 0. 94 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 3 Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 33 -3. 84 5-9 yrs 12. 19 -1. 00 10-14 yrs 27. 23 4. 51 15-19 yrs 36. 72 16. 93 20-24 yrs 46. 50 28. 80 25-29 yrs 55. 81 28. 23 30-34 yrs 61. 22 27. 86 35-39 yrs 68. 15 26. 23 40-44 yrs 90. 48 36. 86 45-49 yrs 98. 66 48. 47 50-54 yrs 96. 60 59. 18 55-59 yrs 93. 88 61. 26 60-64 yrs 91. 69 52. 10 65-69 yrs 92. 21 44. 71 70-74 yrs 102. 24 50. 26 75-79 yrs 123. 51 65. 54 80+ yrs 218. 34 96. 76 TOTAL 47. 89 22. 88 Median age of population 24. 76 16. 19 Death rates -29. 52 -13. 55 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. Male Population by Age Males constitute 52% of the population. Half are under the age of 29 and are looking for earning opportunities. Though liberalisation and the recent NDA (National Democratic Alliance) government headed by ex-prime minister Shri Vajpayee did much to invest in infrastructure and create jobs, much of this has apparently not perco lated down to the lowest income classes if election results in mid-2004 (when the incumbent government was unceremoniously and unexpectedly voted out) are anything to go by. Not surprisingly, the 5-9 year-age group is again the largest segment, representing almost 11% of the total population. In relative terms, this segment has been stagnant since 1990 and has declined marginally since 2000. Due to a larger base, 15-19 year olds will constitute the largest segment by 2015 despite higher growth by other groups. In keeping with general demographic trends, the population below the age of 20 years grew the maximum over the review period. Dropping mortality rates and better healthcare has increased this population group. The median age of the male population in India is approximately the same as the overall median age of the population. It was 22 in 2000 and stands at a little more than 24 years in 2003. Much of India is a male dominated society, and even in urban areas, women are shouldering more and more household running responsibilities. On a lighter note, urban men are more conscious of their looks be it clothing or even actual physical features. One would find many highlighting their hair or even exploring a manicure or a facial massage in big metro cities such as Mumbai or Delhi. The latest corporate entrant to the beauty services business under the name of Kaya Skin Clinics caters to both men and women with clinics even in Dubai. This is a Marico India Limited promoted venture. There is an entire new category of urban men – â€Å"the meterosexual male† that is as demanding about clothes, footwear, music and even grooming aids or beauty treatments as women. In burgeoning malls, men are spending as much or even more as women due to greater financial independence in relative terms and the freedom to spend money on items of desire or personal use. The youth desire items such as cell phones, PDAs and other electronic gizmos. Footwear is another item high in purchase priority. Whether it is body piercing or permanent tattoos, it is all about making a statement. Fitness and sports-related equipment also catches their fancy. The coming decade from 2004 to 2013 will see growth in the 30-55 age bracket by 2%. This will translate into significantly increased demand for items such as travel and leisure, home and household items, lifestyle accessories and even alcoholic drinks. Table 4 Male Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 59,160 61,431 62,314 60,391 59,897 59,773 5-9 yrs 53,002 57,354 59,926 61,095 59,437 59,106 10-14 yrs 46,682 52,240 56,672 59,329 60,571 58,960 15-19 yrs 44,611 46,274 51,849 56,325 59,034 60,314 20-24 yrs 40,457 44,130 45,829 51,433 55,942 58,675 25-29 yrs 35,848 39,901 43,545 45,268 50,814 55,247 0-34 yrs 31,216 35,289 39,246 42,842 44,475 49,798 35-39 yrs 25,991 30,655 34,636 38,494 41,955 43,397 40-44 yrs 21,137 25,386 29,959 33,846 37,579 40,840 45-49 yrs 17,895 20,428 24,595 29,063 32,849 36,427 50-54 yrs 15,631 17,003 19,497 23,552 27,898 31,550 55-59 yrs 13,346 14,462 15,831 18,258 22,165 26,325 60-64 yrs 10,533 11,826 12,925 14,266 16,58 8 20,254 65-69 yrs 7,660 8,753 9,948 10,992 12,271 14,405 70-74 yrs 5,127 5,833 6,779 7,820 8,771 9,917 75-79 yrs 3,008 3,398 3,956 4,692 5,527 6,303 80+ yrs 1,756 2,094 2,684 3,338 4,129 5,050 TOTAL 433,062 476,458 520,192 561,005 599,902 636,341 Males as % of total 51. 68 51. 63 51. 8 51. 51 51. 44 51. 35 population Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 5 Male Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of male population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 66 12. 89 11. 98 10. 76 9. 98 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 24 12. 04 11. 52 10. 89 9. 91 9. 29 10-14 yrs 10. 78 10. 96 10. 89 10. 58 10. 10 9. 27 15-19 yrs 10. 30 9. 71 9. 97 10. 04 9. 84 9. 48 20-24 yrs 9. 34 9. 26 8. 81 9. 17 9. 33 9. 22 25-29 yrs 8. 28 8. 37 8. 37 8. 07 8. 47 8. 68 30-34 yrs 7. 21 7. 41 7. 54 7. 64 7. 41 7. 83 35-39 yrs 6. 00 6. 43 6. 66 6. 86 6. 99 6. 82 40-44 yrs 4. 88 5. 33 5. 76 6. 03 6. 26 6. 42 45-49 yrs 4. 13 4. 29 4. 73 5. 8 5. 48 5. 72 50-54 yrs 3. 61 3. 57 3. 75 4. 20 4. 65 4. 96 55-59 yrs 3. 08 3. 04 3. 04 3. 25 3. 69 4. 14 60-64 yrs 2. 43 2. 48 2. 48 2. 54 2. 77 3. 18 65-69 yrs 1. 77 1. 84 1. 91 1. 96 2. 05 2. 26 70-74 yrs 1. 18 1. 22 1. 30 1. 39 1. 46 1. 56 75-79 yrs 0. 69 0. 71 0. 76 0. 84 0. 92 0. 99 80+ yrs 0. 41 0. 44 0. 52 0. 60 0. 69 0. 79 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 6 Male Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 04 -4. 08 5-9 yrs 11. 52 -1. 37 10-14 yrs 26. 30 4. 04 15-19 yrs 35. 20 16. 33 20-24 yrs 45. 03 28. 03 5-29 yrs 54. 12 26. 87 30-34 yrs 59. 53 26. 89 35-39 yrs 66. 97 25. 29 40-44 yrs 93. 22 36. 32 45-49 yrs 103. 56 48. 11 50-54 yrs 101. 84 61. 82 55-59 yrs 97. 25 66. 28 60-64 yrs 92. 29 56. 70 65-69 yrs 88. 04 44. 81 70-74 yrs 93. 41 46. 28 75-79 yrs 109. 53 59. 33 80+ yrs 187. 55 88. 16 TOTAL 46. 94 22. 33 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 3 Female Population by Age 58% of the Indian female population is bel ow the age of 29. Of this 45% are over the age of 15 years. Female population proportion is likely to go up in the next decade following stringent official norms for sex determination and abortion of the female foetus. The current sex ratio stands at 933 females per 1,000 males as per the last census. Considering the decline in sex ratio from the previous census in 1991, female infanticide is still rampant not only in certain backward rural areas but also in a new form using modern technology in urban areas. Women in urban India have come a long way since the expectations their mothers or probably grandmothers had to live up to. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was a rarity to see working women. It went without saying that female members of the household handled household running responsibilities. Few would be seen dressed in anything but a sari, the national dress. Smoking and drinking were strict no-nos. Even going to the beauty parlour was considered highly emancipated! Cooking was always at home and done by women. Sacrificing personal wants and compromise were desirable attributes. The scenario dramatically changed in the 1990s with India’s entry onto the world beauty scene. Suddenly, every woman wanted to look good or do something that made a difference to her or to someone else. The salwar-kameez is almost a universal dress code. Originally, a North Indian attire, it caught the imagination of women from every region for its convenience and comfort. Young women are much surer of what they want and how to get it. Domestic duties such as cooking are minimised or taken care of in other ways. They would much rather work or do something that they would much rather be doing. Western-style dressing consisting of pants and a shirt is much more common even in workplaces. Social drinking is largely acceptable though still not desirable. On the other hand smoking is still a no-no notwithstanding the rise in number of working women who smoke in public. More and more women today have access to some means of income be it small or large amounts and even take investment decisions or play a significant role in the decision making. Today, one can see a mix of all kinds of women ranging from the traditional conservative to the ultra modern sophisticate. Even the traditional conservative is surprisingly quite progressive in emotional matters pertaining to education or even careers. While women are now increasingly comfortable with their bodies and do not mind even flaunting it, they still would prefer striking a balance between home and work. With more and more women earning their own money, they are now almost equally positioned as bread earners in families. Most men find it difficult to deal with this situation since money and the way it must be spent (larger sums that probably go beyond household expenses) is still considered a male domain. But there is an increasing segment that is now taking investment decisions as well. The stock market boom in 2003 attracted large numbers of housewives who got into the act of trading shares, earning just that little bit extra irrespective of their socioeconomic status or educational background. The attitude towards motherhood is changing. It is now more a matter of choice than chance. Young urban educated women are taking parenting much more seriously. Previously, the first child was born at an average age of 25, today in some parts it is 32 years. Women-on-vacation is another phenomenon slowly becoming visible at railway platforms, airport lounges and even gravelled roads. Single, married, divorced or bereaved and aged anywhere from 16-70 years, women are on the move. As the population ages and more working women constitute the Indian population, there will be a demand for items of personal use and anti-ageing products and services. The number of women smoking or drinking is also on the rise. Earlier considered taboo, rising pressures professionally and personally have only contributed to this changing paradigm. Table 7 Female Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 55,639 57,805 58,660 56,951 56,565 56,552 5-9 yrs 49,287 53,491 55,994 57,201 55,823 55,652 10-14 yrs 43,098 48,320 52,630 55,254 56,565 55,266 15-19 yrs 40,657 42,596 47,848 52,217 54,903 56,261 20-24 yrs 36,806 40,050 42,049 47,357 51,781 54,513 25-29 yrs 32,460 36,197 39,456 41,504 46,793 51,183 30-34 yrs 28,206 31,972 35,680 38,912 0,886 46,004 35-39 yrs 23,671 27,780 31,516 35,163 38,289 40,106 40-44 yrs 20,020 23,247 27,322 31,008 34,567 37,555 45-49 yrs 17,489 19,549 22,752 26,779 30,404 33,867 50-54 yrs 15,493 16,890 18,945 22,115 26,082 29,640 55-59 yrs 13,200 14,683 16,086 18,133 21,257 25,144 60-64 yrs 10,490 12,116 13,571 14,976 17,001 20,046 65-69 yrs 7,847 9,126 10,651 12,054 13,439 15,402 70-74 yrs 5,420 6,278 7,417 8,794 10,099 11,414 75-79 yrs 3,266 3,815 4,515 5,453 6,600 7,720 80+ yrs 1,922 2,403 3,267 4,198 5,302 6,658 TOTAL 404,970 446,317 488,357 528,067 566,356 602,984 Females as % of total 48. 32 48. 37 48. 42 8. 49 48. 56 48. 65 population Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 8 Female Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of female population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 74 12. 95 12. 01 10. 78 9. 99 9. 38 5-9 yrs 12. 17 11. 99 11. 47 10. 83 9. 86 9. 23 10-14 yrs 10. 64 10. 83 10. 78 10. 46 9. 99 9. 17 15-19 yrs 10. 04 9. 54 9. 80 9. 89 9. 69 9. 33 20-24 yrs 9. 09 8. 97 8. 61 8. 97 9. 14 9. 04 25-29 yrs 8. 02 8. 11 8. 08 7. 86 8. 26 8. 49 30-34 yrs 6. 96 7. 16 7. 31 7. 37 7. 22 7. 63 35-39 yrs 5. 85 6. 22 6. 45 6. 66 6. 76 6. 65 40-44 yrs 4. 94 5. 21 5. 59 5. 87 6. 10 6. 23 5-49 yrs 4. 32 4. 38 4. 66 5. 07 5. 37 5. 62 50-54 yrs 3. 83 3. 78 3. 88 4. 19 4. 61 4. 92 55-59 yrs 3. 26 3. 29 3. 29 3. 43 3. 75 4. 17 60-64 yrs 2. 59 2. 71 2. 78 2. 84 3. 00 3. 32 65-69 yrs 1. 94 2. 04 2. 18 2. 28 2. 37 2. 55 70-74 yrs 1. 34 1. 41 1. 52 1. 67 1. 78 1. 89 75-79 yrs 0. 81 0. 85 0. 92 1. 03 1. 17 1. 28 80+ yrs 0. 47 0. 54 0. 67 0. 80 0. 94 1. 10 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 9 Female Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 64 -3. 59 5-9 yrs 12. 91 -0. 61 10-14 yrs 8. 23 5. 01 15-19 yrs 38. 38 17. 58 20-24 yrs 48. 11 29. 64 25-29 yrs 57. 68 29. 72 30-34 yrs 63. 10 28. 94 35-39 yrs 69. 43 27. 26 40-44 yrs 87. 59 37. 45 45-49 yrs 93. 65 48. 86 50-54 yrs 91. 31 56. 45 55-59 yrs 90. 48 56. 32 60-64 yrs 91. 10 47. 72 65-69 yrs 96. 28 44. 61 70-74 yrs 110. 60 53. 89 75-79 yrs 136. 38 70. 98 80+ yrs 246. 49 103. 82 TOTAL 48. 90 23. 47 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 4 Fertility and Birth Fertility rates in India fell to 2. 9 in 2003. The decline can be attributed to the rise in mean age at ma rriage and the postponement of the child-bearing decision. The average age of Indian women at child birth rose to 28 years in 2003. In some urban areas and metro cities it could well be early 30s. As women seek higher educational and professional achievements, urban families are postponing having children. In many cases, one of the reasons cited is that they would like to know their spouses better before giving rise to a social responsibility. Amongst celebrities such as personalities from the film industry as well as fashion, adoption is being increasingly accepted. These are usually highly successful, financially independent women who cannot or do not find the need for a spouse to raise children. Men still take a back seat where adoption is concerned. A complete change in the way earning opportunities present themselves in an increasingly open economy and the transient nature of jobs, values and money have made Indians seek personal confidence and stability before committing themselves further. Birth control has received total government support irrespective of the political party in power. However, a large number of women may not be able to afford birth control even if they wish to do so. Large numbers of couples want to space or limit births but they are not using any method of contraception. According to official sources, a nationwide survey it undertook showed that approximately 16% of couples or about 30 million couples have an unmet need for contraception. High fertility is one important factor affecting the reproductive health of women. One out of every 75 women of reproductive age dies from child birth-related causes. Other reproductive health indicators also reflect a generally poor health status. Only 15% of mothers receive complete antenatal care, and only 58% receive any iron/folate tablets or syrup. Only 34% of deliveries take place in facilities, and, at best, 42% are assisted by a health professional. Though there are official government norms for promoting two children families, there are many holding public positions that have three or four or even more children. It is therefore difficult for lawmakers who themselves go against government policies to implement them with complete resolution. There is a wide disparity in the population growth rates amongst various states. Southern states have achieved a greater measure of success in almost stabilising their birth rate growth due to a higher level of education and literacy in general. On the other hand, Northern states such as Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar represent a dismal picture. There is an unmet need for family planning in these states and about 25% of it is in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state. Is it a boy or a girl? The legacy of a declining sex ratio in the history of the Census of India took a new turn with the widespread use of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) in urban areas. NRTs are based on the principles of selection of the desirable and rejection of the unwanted. In India, the desirable is the baby boy and the unwanted is the baby girl. The result is obvious; the Census of 2001 revealed that with a sex ratio of 933 women for every 1,000 men, India had a deficit of 3. million women when it entered the new millennium. To stop the abuse of advanced scientific techniques for selective elimination of female foetuses through sex -determination, the government of India passed the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act in 1994. But techno-docs based in the metropolises and other urban centres, and parents desirous of begetting only sons, have subverted it. Outreach to the most vulnerable elements of the population is very limited, and the quality of services, in general, is poor. Additional constraints exist in the delivery of services. For family planning, the choice of methods is often limited and sterilisation remains the method of choice. Other approaches, including delaying the age of marriage and first pregnancies, and encouraging longer birth intervals, present major social and policy challenges. Religious and medical barriers exist in some areas, as do cultural issues associated with the preference for boys and denial of opportunities for girls and women. However, both the private and the public sector are taking substantial initiatives in the area of healthcare and there have been some improvements. Fertility rates fell by 23% over the 1990-2003 period though there was a slight increase in 2002. Some studies have shown that the increase was due to natural calamities in 2001 and 2002 accompanied by civil disturbances when citizens were mostly confined to their homes and had limited entertainment options. The fertility rate fell the following year by nearly 4% in 2003 over 2002 in keeping with the trend over the last decade. Table 10 Fertility and Birth: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Average age of women at 20. 40 24. 20 26. 70 27. 20 27. 80 28. 33 hildbirth (years) Birth rates (per ‘000 30. 07 27. 45 24. 90 24. 37 23. 78 23. 40 inhabitants) Fertility rates 3. 80 3. 48 3. 06 2. 99 3. 02 2. 91 (children born per female) Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor Table 11 Fertility and Birth (Growth): 1990/2003, 2002/2003 % growth 1990/2003 2002/2003 Average age of women at childbirth 38. 87 1. 91 Birth rat es -22. 18 -1. 60 Fertility rates -23. 42 -3. 64 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor 2. 5 Population by Marital Status There are only two dominant types of population by marital status in India – married or single. Married Married couples form more than half the population in India. Marriage is a sacred institution accompanied and governed by numerous social and religious customs and sanctions. Elders in the family normally arrange marriages in most of India and even with changing social fabric, parental acceptance and blessings are important. The result is a blend of the old and the new where brides/bridegrooms-to-be actually meet or see each other before the marriage and are allowed to exercise their choices. Marriage and child rearing is an accepted way of life and youngsters between the ages of 18 and 30 do look forward to settling down and getting married. An unmarried individual would stand out in the predominantly middle-class Indian society. However, acceptance of this is also increasing. There are a number of young adults, usually successful in their own lives, who choose not to get married or are unable to get married. Cracks and strains have started showing in a number of marriages due to postponement of the marriage decision, new income earning opportunities, changing lifestyles, new technologies and a sea change in attitudes and spirations in urban India. Hence, married families in 2003 grew at a slower rate than divorced or single families at only 1. 4%. Divorce Divorce is a little uncommon but is growing in incidence with young couples not willing to compromise or spend time on making a relationship successful. Interestingly, it is couples who knew each other before marriage that are seeing a rise in divorce rather than â€Å"arranged† family affairs that are part of Indian convention. There are instances of certain communities that are using technology (SMSs – Short Messaging System) to divorce their spouses by sending the message â€Å"divorce† thrice! The number of divorce cases filed in some cities reaches as high as 17,000 cases in Kolkata city with Pune having the least at 2,000. Some 9,000 cases are filed each year in Mumbai city alone. Widowers Widowers form a small 5% of Indian society that predominantly consists of youth. Rising longevity, increasing age at marriage and even social reform with respect to â€Å"child widows†, â€Å"child marriages† and â€Å"widow remarriage† have contained the growth of this category of the population. There are not too many widows/widowers in urban areas and even these generally stay with their families as in their sons or daughters. In certain rural areas, with lack of healthcare and awareness of a number of health conditions, widowers could form a slightly larger population segment. Co-habitation Co-habitation is still not viewed with much respect in a society steeped in tradition. In the Western state of Gujarat there is actually a quasi-legal arrangement called â€Å"Maitri Karar† that stipulates the responsibilities of a contract â€Å"friendship†. However, there are a growing number of homosexuals –both men and women, who have come out of the closet and are finding some acceptance. There are at least five lesbian groups in the country which are striving to provide dignity to this section of the populace. There is a large number who is probably not even aware of their preferences and go through much turmoil in the process. Yet, permissiveness is at an all-time high. 27% of the population in Bangalore; Chennai 28%; Delhi 22%t; Hyderabad 20%; Kolkata 32%; Mumbai 24% feel that both partners should be free to have extramarital sex with the spouse’s consent. Delhiites are most likely to have done it at a younger age than their counterparts in other cities. Hyderabadis and Mumbaikars show the maximum inclination to infidelity. Adultery is going middle-class, to small-town India, going commonplace, even going boring. Dangerous liaisons used to be for the aristos and the plebs. Those in between, the middle classes, were tethered by moral chastity belts – only their fantasies could roam freely. Or it was all within the family, the extramarital dalliances, that is. The scarlet letter is now fading fast: stigma is getting passe and guilt for an increasing number is no more than a twitch. New technology is an important factor encouraging the phenomenon. Internet and mushrooming cyber cafes have helped, as have mobile phones and SMS facilities. Middle-class India is having a great time and most Westerners are shocked at the change. Table 12 Population by Marital Status: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 471,829 494,405 516,978 524,708 532,254 539,637 Divorced 3,093 5,010 8,059 8,214 8,365 8,510 Widowed 52,532 56,663 53,373 54,144 54,895 55,629 Single other/unknown 310,578 366,696 430,138 438,100 445,958 453,729 TOTAL 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,025,166 1,041,471 1,057,505 Average age of women at 19. 00 22. 90 25. 50 25. 90 26. 50 26. 97 first marriage (years) Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 13 Population by Marital Status (% Analysis): 1990/1995, 2000-2003 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 56. 30 53. 58 51. 26 51. 18 51. 11 51. 03 Divorced 0. 37 0. 54 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 Widowed 6. 27 6. 14 5. 29 5. 28 5. 27 5. 26 Single other/unknown 37. 06 39. 74 42. 65 42. 73 42. 82 42. 91 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 14 Population by Marital Status (Growth): 1990/2003, 2000/2003 growth 1990/2003 2000/2003 Married 14. 37 4. 38 Divorced 175. 1 5. 59 Widowed 5. 9 4. 23 Single other/unknown 46. 09 5. 48 TOTAL 26. 19 4. 85 Average age of women at first marriage 41. 93 5. 75 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 6 Population by Educational Attainment Indians place a lot of im portance on higher education as is evident from the number of graduates as well as the number of Indians doing extremely well in other parts of the world. Despite huge odds, the literacy rate now stands at more than 65% for the country as a whole. In terms of numbers, most of the population has some form of primary education. Kerala is the only state that has 100% literacy. Public expenditure on education now stands at 4% of GDP, well below the Kothari Commission recommendation of 6% way back in 1968. The private sector is now taking increasing initiatives in primary level education after having participated in a mixed fashion in the form of self-financed colleges and institutions of higher learning. This is one of the factors for higher growth in the level of education attainment at higher levels as compared to primary education. There are about 888,000 educational institutions in the country with an enrolment of about 179 million. Elementary Education System in India is the second largest in the World with 149 million children of 6-14 years enrolled and almost three million teachers. This is about 82% of the children in the age group. Compulsory education has been enforced in four States and Union Territories (UTs) at the primary stage of education while in eight States/UTs there is compulsory education covering the entire elementary stage of education. As many as 20 States/UTs have not introduced any measure of compulsion. Though education is in the concurrent list (ie both the Central and State governments are responsible for this social sector) of the Constitution, the State Governments play a very major role in the development of education particularly in the primary and the secondary education sectors. In order to facilitate donations including smaller amounts from India and abroad for implementing projects/programmes connected with the education sector, the Government constituted the â€Å"Bharat Shiksha Kosh† as a Society registered under the Society Registration Act, 1860. The Kosh was officially launched on 9 January 2003 during the celebration of Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas. The Kosh will receive donations/contributions/endowments, from individuals and corporate, Central and State Governments, non-resident Indians and people of Indian origin for various activities across all sectors of education. Table 15 Population by Educational Attainment: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Primary no education 372,583 378,124 391,590 400,014 408,770 417,596 Secondary 79,103 121,874 163,622 167,434 171,221 175,064 Higher 79,478 92,137 107,140 109,858 112,464 115,123 TOTAL 531,164 592,134 662,352 How to cite Indian Consumer Behavior, Papers

The Happiest and Saddest You have Felt Essay Sample free essay sample

Many memories of different events in life with all the inside informations sing their fortunes. feelings and emotions. neer go off ; they stay with us ever and we neer seem to bury them. Some of the imprinted memories are cheerful. happy and optimistic. but many of them represent things that. even though they took topographic point. we ever wish that we can be able. one twenty-four hours. to bury about them. The happiest and most joyful event that I still retrieve with all its inside informations was when I turned 18. and to be more accurate: It was the dark instantly before my birthday. That dark. I was tremendously happy about eventually going an grownup ( I truly did non see the difference: How one twenty-four hours person is a minor and the following she or he is a adult female or a adult male responsible and accountable for all her/his determinations and actions ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Happiest and Saddest You have Felt Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that it is something that any miss. or male child. dreams of in the first old ages of her/his life. I couldn’t sleep that dark. I was believing of the following forenoon and twenty-four hours. but I was besides believing of the hereafter in general. what was to come in my life. I remember that my bosom was crushing really fast. I was experiencing it crushing strong ; I was happy. But I besides remember that I was worried. non cognizing how my life would be traveling and if I would win on my ain. It was a mixture of feelings. but happiness and satisfaction was the 1 that I remember the most. The most hard. and though the saddest event that happened in my life was affecting a beloved friend who lost his life in a auto accident. I was 22. I still remember how the universe merely stopped around me. I truly saw everything base still. I could non talk ; I merely did non happen the words. all the memories with that friend passed through my head in a affair of seconds. but I felt them as if they were hours. I can non depict the feeling in that minute and the minutes that followed. Possibly. this was the first clip that I understood that we are so delicate and incapacitated. One twenty-four hours. person exists ; he/she is a portion of your life. he/she has their ain lives. dreams. feelings. ideas. and memories. and the following twenty-four hours. that same individual is nil more than a memory. I cried for yearss. nil would hold brought my friend back. but I could non manage that experiencing. I think I still find it to hard to cover with.

Conceptual Study On Ethnic Marketing Marketing Essay Essays

Conceptual Study On Ethnic Marketing Marketing Essay Essays Conceptual Study On Ethnic Marketing Marketing Essay Essay Conceptual Study On Ethnic Marketing Marketing Essay Essay With mounting western influence and focal point on resurgence of traditional Indian manner elements, diverseness in India sees many faces. To keep the self-respect of the civilization and to supply a platform to little Indian trade names, future group initiated ethnocentrism construct by opening ethnicity shop in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This enterprise has provided new format penetrations to organized retail merchants to spread out their skylines in extremely volatile Indian consumer oriented market. A new format has ever been a challenge to any retail merchant to prolong into the market. In the altering face of market, to recover penchant of consumers towards nationalized trade names, can be looked from a facing angle. This created an anxiousness in the head of research workers and inspired them to undergo the research to understand the ethnicity construct. Ethnicity format is studied based on the first ethnicity shop set up in the metropolis of Ahmedabad, Gujarat and glances are taken from the 2nd and 3rd shop set up in Mumbai and Pune. Research is secondary in nature. This paper gives penetrations into the overall set up of ethnicity format that includes distinguishing criterias of ethnicity in comparing to regular retail formats. Paper gives penetrations into artistic set up of ethnicity shop alongwith in-depth reappraisal of ware. Further, consumers sentiment on ethnicity shop has besides been covered and their discriminatory class for purchase has been derived It has been found that consumers have given a really good response to the new construct. Alongwith shopping, experiences of consumers with the format hold given a permanent impact on their mentality. Further Raja market, Rani market, Thoda aur market are found attractive to consumers and have gained good penchant of consumers followed by Sona-chandi market Chota India and Ghar aangan market. The penetrations into construct development and suggested potency extended formats of ethnicity may readily work as a pillar to stand into the market for new retail merchants. Cardinal words: Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Organized Retail, Nationalized trade names, Merchandise 1.1Introduction: Indian manner industry is traveling towards Westernization due to high degree of credence of foreign trade names by the consumers. Due to this altering face, western trade names are acquiring a wider platform than the cultural trade names across the state. As a consequence, national/ethnic merchandises are even overlooked by consumers and clip may come that such merchandises may vanish from the market. To protect the Indian heritage, Future group took up inaugural enterprise to supply a infinite to Indian merchandises and trade names under its ain name and celebrity Future Group, India s taking concern house with strong presence in retail sector, launched a new retail format, household life style shop Ethnicity, in Ahmadabad to market cultural trade names and merchandises of India in 2008. This concatenation is a major household format developed after the launch of extremely successful household formats like Pantaloons, Big Bazaar, and Home Town. The new shop format that has been billed as everything Indian, seeksA to advance cultural trade names, runing from cultural and merger wear, Jewellery, handcraft, place decor, beauty merchandises to accoutrements and gifts. Ethnicity therefore, A showcasesA a big figure of little Indian trade names under one roof. Ethnicity besides advancing the civilization of cultural merchandises, supply a modern platform to augment the presence of the retail merchants into the industry. 1.2Research aims: To understand the construct of ethnicity as a new retail format To understand distinguishing factors of ethnicity shop in comparing to the modern retail shops. To understand the consumers penchant towards the new format 1.3Scope of the survey: The survey has explored the construct of ethnicity. In includes apprehension of the subject and construct development, ware development and distinction standards of format in comparing to bing formats. Further to understand credence of the new format, consumers preference towards the offerings has besides been analyzed 1.4 Data Collection Beginnings: Secondary informations beginnings have been used to understand the construct the ethnicity. Information has been taken from cusp provided by ethnicity shop of Ahmedabad, and Company website to acquire penetrations into ethnicity shop of Pune and Mumbai. Articles kept on the web sites are besides used at the launch of ethnicity. Primary information has been collected through questionnaire to cognize consumers cite towards the new format. Respondents were the consumers of Ahmedabad who visited ethnicity shop. Sample of 100 respondents was administered out of which 94 responses are analysed as valid samples for the survey. 1.5 Introduction: Ethnicity Cultural beginning has been defined as a group of people who portion a common descent, a sense of corporate individuality and normally a shared cultural heritage and tradition ( Crysdale and Bettie, 1973 ) . Ethnicity implies common imposts, values, and attitudes within a group of people who are bound by a common cultural designation. Because values reflect a criterion or standard that people use in the counsel of behaviour, they act as a norm for cultural consumer behaviour and an influence on many ingestion motivations. Cultural selling Cultural selling is an of import facet of lifestyle selling, a scheme that tailors a company s merchandises and services towards the client s life styles. * Positions showing rationale towards cultural selling Mr. Arvind Singhal, president of direction consulting and retail specializer house Technopak Advisors ( 2010-11 ) said, Overall dress class spends are lifting, with particular focal point on cultural wear trade names, where many new trade names have emerged as market heroes. They sensed the vacuity in the market, easiness of entry, and attracted adult females the most interesting mark consumer, which places the Indian cultural wear market at Rs. 56,800 crore, turning at 9 % yearly .A Mr. Gaurav Mahajan, CEO, Westside, a Tata group company said, Indian cultural wear is an built-in portion of our client promise. We widened the Westside scope and introduced Zuba, which offers silks and reliable handlooms. This fall will see the launch of two more trade names, Mr. Rakesh Biyani, joint pull offing manager, Future Group said, There is a important rise in demand for adult females s cultural vesture. There is a large spread between the chance and what is being delivered today by organized participants, This spread designation generated a lead to cover the untapped cultural market and future group took up the initiave to set up ethnicity shop as a revolution in the bing apprel format 1.4 Concept development of Ethnicity Store by future Group Shop design Future Group has launched the first of a concatenation of shops aimed at retailing Indian wear in 2008 in Ahmedabad metropolis. It is the branded Ethnicitystore that keeps the a scope of cultural and merger wear, jewellery, handcrafts, place decor, beauty merchandises and accoutrements and gifts. All the merchandises are India inspired.The shop is holding a spread over an country of 25,000 to 30,000 sq. foot. Store nonsubjective The dress labeled as traditional and indoor vesture a decennary ago, has laid the foundation for today s modern-day Indian cultural chic.Ethnicity proudly follows the Indian values of being sensitive to Ahmedabad metropolis, environment and community. It provides a platform to convey together traditional or cultural retail merchants to the consumers. It recreates the know-how of a traditional cultural market in a modern retail format and is an collector of the multi-faceted cultural ware and traditional merchandising patterns. It revives and rejuvenates anything and everything that is Indian. It aims to truly unfastened out the urban cultural market and redefine the graduated table of cultural selling. ** Ethnic-Theme placement at the shop The construct Ethnicity is non limited to cultural vesture but it is an experience. The cardinal discriminator for Ethnicity lies in its 360-degree shopping experience. Ethnicity s shop design reflects a clearly cultural character ocular selling tools include artefacts, pictures and decor pieces from Rajasthan, Orissa, Gujarat and the similar. Ocular selling is like the outline of a narrative book . Ethnicity has gone the desi manner to go attractive and communicative. It is critical to non merely be a differentiated retail merchant but besides to pull out the true kernel of the merchandises. Branding in ethnicwear has been led by part of beginning of the merchandise like Benaresi saris, Lucknowi kurta, Kutch Bandhini. The shop is colorfully designed and the garishness gives it an atmosphere of luxury and celebration. *** Atmospheric at shop Atmospheric at ethnicity shop is a contemplation of Indian heritage. Alternatively of halogen visible radiations, everyplace visible radiation is reflected by lanterns. Alternatively of room freshener or aromas, a natural fragrant of indispensable oil from flowers known as ittar is used to magnetize the entrant and convey them to the Indian civilization. All the racks for show of ware are developed from wooden and outside ornament is of handcraft, which gives a contemplation of Indian art. Alternatively of holding all the racks or shelves for show, few of the ware is displayed on fingerstall. Shop helpers are dressed in cultural kurtas For refreshments, Coconut H2O is served in a lorry which gives a spirit of typical Indian civilization, on the route helping. Use of multi colourss, art and fancy designs, air aroma and traditional lightings give all clip festival feeling experience. Merchandise at ethnicity shop All the offerings are divided into a niche name of market. Chosen name for the market is based on arterial linguistic communication of India. With the subject of ethnocentrism, the aggregation represents merely Indian trade names in all the ware. Analysis of ware: The shop has six subdivisions. Generic class name Cultural name at ethnicity shop Women s wear class Rani market-everything ethnic for adult females Work forces wear class Raja market-everything ethnic for work forces Kid s wear class Chota India market Jewellery/ accoutrements Sona -chandi market- cultural Jewelry Home accoutrements Ghar -aangan- cultural thoughts for your place Stationary/medical points Thoda aur- cultural accoutrements and more Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/organising-ethnic-retail.asp Analysis of Merchandise into the market and few of the Indian trade names RANI MARKET Everything cultural for adult females Merchandises Saris Bridal wear Salwar kamiz Interior designer wear Fusion wear Party wear Dupattas Mojaris A ; Chappals Embroidered bags Mix n fit Dress stuff E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Span Ritu kumar Hara Prafful Description of RANI Market Huge aggregation comprises extravagantly embellished salwarkameez, Anarkali kurtas, to a great extent decked traditional saris and blouses studded with rocks Sequined fabric bags, embroidered cultural potlis in assorted colourss and manners, brilliantly colored jholas and nomadic phone pouches becomes attractive complementary merchandises purchase Specially designed embroidered jootis fiting with salwar kamiz are available Particular class of mix n lucifer provides a immense scope of kurtas, interior decorator shalwars and interior decorator dupattas. It gives an chance to choose each one individually and develop a shalwar, kamiz, dupatta set on your ain RAJA MARKET everything ethnic for work forces Merchandise/Products Sherwani Churidar sets Pathani sets Jodhpuri Party suits Party shirts Casual kurtas Accessories Mojaris A ; chappals E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Manish Watercolor Manyavar Description of RAJA Market Raja market is interestingly designed with wooden pillars Raja market starts with rows of Kutch and Jaipuri kurtas for work forces. Designer kurtas are available in pastel colourss with a touch of glister. They have a fabulous aggregation of expansive looking sherwanis with intricate detailing Ceremonial suits, shirts and bloomerss for work forces are besides included in the aggregation The Mojaris and Chappals have a scope of beaded, sequined and embroidered jootis, chappals and kolhapuris designed in a assortment of colourss to travel with your traditional outfit CHOTA INDIA-everything ethnic for childs Merchandises Cultural wear Party wear Accessories E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Mycraft Exclusive Description of CHOTA INDIA Market Designer wears for childs holds attending of purchasers Use of bright colourss with manus work is a particular aggregation for childs alternatively of the usage of sketchs characters SONA CHANDI cultural Jewelry Merchandises Costume Jewellery Manner Jewelry Semi cherished jewellary E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Standard Merely cool Description of SONA CHANDI Market There is an impressive aggregation of earrings, rings and necklaces in traditional every bit good as modern-day designs These are available in gold, diamond and Ag. kundan sets are available that reflects tradition of India Sharing infinite with these are glass, metal and rock studded bracelets. Stuning stone studded rings and bobbysocks complete the scope. A little aggregation of debris jewellery and interior decorator bindis are included. A GHAR AANGAN cultural thoughts for your place Bed and linen Home decor Gift points Playthings Pooja ka saaman, Shaadi ka saaman Handicraft, Ceramicss E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Hansiba Bandhan Description of GHAR AANGAN Market Puja Ka samaan where puja thalis, different statuettes of assorted divinities, incense sticks, earthen lamps and cotton wicks are available. It has a alone aggregation of wall hangings, name home bases and redstem storksbills made of wood. Designer and decorated home base for nuptials is available known as shaadi qi thali with the usage of specific stuff used during nuptials rites Handicraft points for place decor like fancy toran, show pieces are available THODA AUR cultural accoutrements and more Merchandises Books and cadmiums Stationary Aromas Maroma-Aromatherapy, Ayurveda A ; natural merchandises Candles A ; incense E.g.Few Indian Brands kept in ethnicity shop Maroma Khadi Description of GHAR AANGAN Market Amazing paper bags, booklets, notebooks and notepads wrapped in silk fabric are displayed Photograph albums are made available in Ag and aureate colored fabric The Wellness subdivision has assorted sorts of ayurvedic beauty merchandises Hanging lamp is another subdivision inside which all kinds of lamps, Antique oil and glass lamps are available in really beautiful colourss and designed in a posh manner. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/organising-ethnic-retail.asp hypertext transfer protocol: //ahmedabad.metromela.com/Lamps+and+ethnic+wear+at+Ethnicity/article/3183 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pantaloonretail.in/pdf/ethnicity_karigari.pdf Leaflet circulated at ethnicity shop Competitive analysis of organized regular retail format and ethnicity format Parameter Organized retail mercantile establishment Ethnicity shop Subject A move towards western civilization A move towards Indian bequest Aim To give exposure to western civilization kineticss To give platform to Indian trade names and entreaty to ethnocentrism Size of the mercantile establishment Large Relatively little Structure Vertical departmentation Horizontal departmentation Handiness of trade names Global trade names Merely Indian trade names Atmospheric Exclusive halogen visible radiations lantern /yellow visible radiations Decoration No extra ornament Fully decorated with colourss, lamps, handcraft, marionettes etc. -looks like all clip festival Music Western vocals Indian instrumental Aroma Room fresheners Raw fragrant of indispensable oil from flowers known as ittar Shelfs Racks Alongwith racks Traditional small town themed fingerstalls with four legs Merchandise division Merchandises are separate Apparel gets displayed in one subdivision, accessories other subdivision, footwear another subdivision and so on Gender wise merchandise bundling Raja market includes dress, accoutrements, footwear turn toing male consumers Merchandise name English names Traditional Indian names Store helper s dressing Western formal wear Traditional Indian kurta Boxing Plastic printed bags Paper bags with traditional expression Merchandise Western outfits and indowestern designs in Indian outfits Indian traditional outfits with embellishment work Places Mojaris and chappals Indo-western picture Handicraft Cosmetic merchandises Natural ayurvedic merchandises and aromatherapy Aromas Incense stick, ittar, natural aromas Light pendant Candles and Lantern Artificial jewelry Stone work, Kundan jewelry Refreshments Food tribunal with multi culinary art Small push cart/lorry with coconut H2O Deliverable Shoping Experience Pictorial position of ethnicity shop Ethnicity shop image creative activity Picture 029 Beginning: Cusp provided at ethnicity Entry gate of ethnicity shop Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/glimpse/ethnicity/1.jpg Example of Divisions Rani market Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/organising-ethnic-retail.asp Interior and show at ethnicity shop hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/RetailConcept_details.aspx? Id=58 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indiaretailing.com/glimpse/ethnicity/7.jpg 1.6.1Consumers penchant towards the market based ware at ethnicity shop with average rank ( where 1 is least and 5 is maximal ) Consumers penchant towards the cultural subject markets is analyzed to cognize the preferable market. This analysis is aimed at developing the market to increase the penchant A 0 1 2 3 4 5 Raja Market A A A A 4.255A Rani Market A A A 4.0255A A Chota India A A 2.8055A A A Sona Chandi A A A 3.2055A A Ghar Aangan A 2.052055A A A A Thoda aur 4.15.00 Consumers are extremely satisfied with Raja Market offerings followed by Rani market and thoda aur market. New debuts in thoda aur market like lamps, taper and aromas, ayurvedic merchandises etc have grabbed attending of people which gives a lead to present more alone and Indian traditional points. Sona Chandi market has got a good response. Thus it can be interpreted that manner accoutrements in cultural expression is maintaining melody with the cultural garments. As per consumers sentiment, Chota India is yet to derive penchant may be because of traditional designs that are non preferred more for childs in comparing to western attractive outfits with sketch characters Again as per consumers sentiment, Ghar aangan is besides yet to derive penchant may be because of bed sheets, utensils, playthings, purchase for rites like puja Ka saaman etc. have an already established market. 1.6.2 Conusmers penchant towards cultural merchandises for three most preferable Markets Preference has been anaysed towards offerings for Females as Rani Market Fusion wear and Mix A ; Match are able to pull consumers as a new and alone base of cultural merchandises. As Saari, salwaar kamiz have become a common purchase and many plaforms are available to turn to the demand, penchant is found at the moderate degree Preference has been anaysed towards offerings for Females as Rani Market In work forces s wear traditional wear in the signifier of Jodhpuri, Chudidar and kurtas alongwith traditional mojaris have attracted consumers to larger extent Preference has been analyzed towards offerings for Thoda Aur Market Full scope of Aromas and Candles A ; Incense have been introduced by ethnicity shop. It has got excess ordinary penchant of consumers. Thus it has contributed towards care of Indian bequest 1.6.2 Consumers penchant towards Aromatherapy Aromatherapy is the usage of aromatic works oils, including indispensable oils, for psychological and physical well-being. Aromatherapists blend curative indispensable oils particularly for each person and suggest methods of usage such as topical application, massage, inspiration or H2O submergence to excite the coveted responses. Aroma therapy oils may include Peppermint Digestive upsets Rosemary Muscular strivings, mental stimulation Sandalwood Depression, anxiousness and nervous tenseness Sweet orange Depression and anxiousness Tea tree Respiratory jobs, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral Lavender Headaches, insomnia, Burnss, achings and hurting Ethnicity shop has provided the platform for Aromatherapy. Full scope of indispensable oils has been displayed to bring forth the consciousness and penchant towards the same. It is aimed at bring forthing consciousness towards ayurvedic medical specialty in the sphere of allopath for better and unafraid intervention. Ethnicity has taken maiden inaugural to derive the penchant of consumers. It can be interpreted from the above graph that first manus response has been satisfactory with 49 % for Aromatherapy and therefore it enjoys the possible to increase the penchant in future. The atmospheric of traditional merchandises is back uping the purchase of traditional manner of wellness addendums. The advice and account given alongwith the merchandise has played of import function in doing realisation to travel for natural merchandises 1.6.3Analysis of consumers satisfaction towards ethnicity shop: Consumers understanding of the format have been done based on their psychological distinction from the traditional format and a degree of satisfaction towards the offerings. Such analysis is aimed at placing the most appealing distinction for future placement of the shop and developing the schemes that may take to future satisfaction Competitive appraisal matrix with average rank ( Where 1 is least and 5 is maximal ) Regular organized retail formats and ethnicity shop A 0 1 2 3 4 5 Subject A A A A 4.05 4.95A Monetary value A 2.30A 2.60A A A Assortment A A 3.25.00A 4.00A A Display A A A 3.94.00A 4.35.00A Experience A A A 4.0094.00A 5.0094.00A Keies: Regular organized retail mercantile establishments Ethnicity shop Competitive appraisal matrix depicts that ethnicity subject is extremely appealing to the people. The distinction point of giving experience to the consumers than merely to supply a platform for shopping is acquiring right placement in the head set of consumers as it is applauded by consumers with the average rank of 4.95. Unique show of ethnicity is extremely appreciated by consumers in comparing to regular organized retail formats On the dimension of assortment ethnicity is dawdling behind in comparing, the lending ground may be limited figure of Indian trade names into each class Equally far as pricing is concerned none of the mercantile establishments satisfied the consumers outlook. It brings out the fact that monetary value construction is excessively high. Here chance lies with ethnicity shop to know apart pricing scheme to acquire competitory border over other formats. It might be executable to redevelop the pricing scheme due to nationalized trade names 1.10 Major findings: Ethnicity is so a radical move towards consumers ethnocentrism. National participants have besides joined custodies with the large retail merchant and accepted the chance to turn to the mass market. Thus has contributed to a great extent in supplying a wider platform to little retail merchant of India. Further is has contributed towards bring forthing consciousness of cultural merchandises and trade names of allover India which were non noticed and importance was non realized by consumers It is an perfectly alone theoretical account into organized retail formats. Everything get downing from statics to aggregation of trade names, ware show and packaging is unambiguously positioned with the nationalized subject. It provides a feel-good factor and thrilling experience to the consumers. Consumers are acquiring attracted by the subject and acquiring exposed and penetrated by cultural merchandises. Today consumers look for stylish apparels. National trade names which were non recognized before, have provided a platform of manner to research Fusion wear, Mix A ; Match, Jodhpuri, Kurtas, Chudidars, Mojaris and aromas, tapers and incense are able to acquire penchant of people Aroma therapy is able to acquire good welcome signifier the consumers Cultural designs are acquiring credence in the signifier of freshness Cultural work forces s wear, adult females s wear, natural beauty merchandises, handcrafts are the classs of the merchandises good accepted by the consumers. In all this advanced construct good applauded by consumers as they are acquiring exposed to all the assortment and designs of merchandises of all the corners of India under one roof 1.11 Suggestions: More Indian retail merchants should be motivated to supply immense aggregation of cultural merchandises Potential revolutions into bing format of ethnicity for India Formats can be expanded by presenting fortes of major states/cities of India Rajasthan market Art A ; trade Jamnagar market-Bandhani Bengaluru -Silk garments Chennai- Pearl jewelry Kerala market-Spices Formats can be expanded by presenting forte nutrient of major states/cities of India it may assist to give a back displacement to the consumer tendency which is traveling towards western nutrient Gujarati nutrient Punjabi nutrient South Indian nutrient Rajasthani nutrient North Indian nutrient Kathiyawadi nutrient Potential revolutions into bing format of ethnicity for other states It has been witnessed that states are acquiring specialized into technological inventions but spread of such inventions into the same continent reflects questionable behaviour of consumers. Many a times it is because of deficiency of consciousness. Such type of format may supply a common platform to research the little advanced merchandises at consumer terminal E.g. European states Manner Ethnicity European states As manner industry is one of the major turning industries in Europe- All manner statements can be displayed under one platform Fashion statement of Italy Fashion statement of France Fashion statement of United land Technology ethnicity Technical Research A ; invention driven states All inventions can be displayed under one platform Large to little advanced merchandises of Finland Large to little advanced merchandises of Germany IT A ; Renewable engineering based merchandises from Sweden Electric engineering inventions of Netherland E.g. Asiatic Countries Technology ethnicity Robotic engineering based advanced little to large merchandises from South koria A ; Japan There is a demand to increase the scope of aroma therapy offerings to increase the consciousness and ingestion. Aromas, tapers and incense offerings have brought Indian values in the penchants. This has showcased a really good concern potency as a whole. There is a demand to supply more and more offerings into the section with more and more assortments

Singapore Facts, History, and Description

Singapore Facts, History, and Description A bustling city-state in the heart of Southeast Asia, Singapore is famous for its booming economy and its strict regime of law and order. Long an important port of call on the monsoonal Indian Ocean trade circuit, today Singapore boasts one of the worlds busiest ports, as well as thriving finance and services sectors. How did this tiny nation become one of the worlds wealthiest? What makes Singapore tick? Government According to its constitution, the Republic of Singapore is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system. In practice, its politics have been completely dominated by a single party, the Peoples Action Party (PAP), since 1959. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament and also heads the executive branch of government; the President plays a mostly ceremonial role as the head of state, although he or she can veto the appointment of top-level judges. Currently, the Prime Minister is Lee Hsien Loong, and the President is Tony Tan Keng Yam. The president serves a six-year term, while legislators serve five-year terms. The unicameral parliament has 87 seats and has been dominated by PAP members for decades. Interestingly, there are also as many as nine nominated members, who are the losing candidates from opposition parties who came closest to winning their elections. Singapore has a relatively simple judicial system, made up of a High Court, a Court of Appeals, and several types of Commercial Courts. The judges are appointed by the President upon the advice of the Prime Minister. Population The city-state of Singapore boasts a population of about 5,354,000, packed in at a density of more than 7,000 people per square kilometer (almost 19,000 per square mile). In fact, it is the third-most densely populated country in the world, following only the Chinese territory of Macau and Monaco. Singapores population is highly diverse, and many of its residents are foreign-born. Just 63% of the population are actually citizens of Singapore, while 37% are guest workers or permanent residents. Ethnically, 74% of Singapores residents are Chinese, 13.4% are Malay, 9.2% are Indian, and about 3% are of mixed ethnicity or belong to other groups. Census figures are somewhat skewed because until recently the government only allowed residents to select a single race on their census forms. Languages Although English is the most commonly used language in Singapore, the nation has four official languages: Chinese, Malay, English, and Tamil. The most common mother tongue is Chinese, with about 50% of the population. Approximately 32% speak English as their first language, 12% Malay, and 3% Tamil. Obviously, written language in Singapore is also complex, given the variety of official languages. Commonly-used writing systems include the Latin alphabet, Chinese characters and the Tamil script, which is derived from Indias Southern Brahmi system. Religion in Singapore The largest religion in Singapore is Buddhism, at about 43% of the population. The majority are Mahayana Buddhists, with roots in China, but Theravada and Vajrayana Buddhism also have numerous adherents. Almost 15% of Singaporeans are Muslim, 8.5% are Taoist, about 5% Catholic, and 4% Hindu. Other Christian denominations total almost 10%, while approximately 15% of Singapores people have no religious preference. Geography Singapore is located in Southeast Asia, off the southern tip of Malaysia, north of Indonesia. It is made up of 63 separate islands, with a total area of 704 kilometers square (272 miles square). The largest island is Pulau Ujong, commonly called Singapore Island. Singapore is connected to the mainland via the Johor-Singapore Causeway and the Tuas Second Link. Its lowest point is sea-level, while the highest point is Bukit Timah at the lofty elevation of 166 meters (545 feet). Climate Singapores climate is tropical, so temperatures do not vary much throughout the year. Average temperatures range between about 23 and 32 °C (73 to 90 °F). The weather is generally hot and humid. There are two monsoonal rainy seasons- June to September, and December to March. However, even during the inter-monsoon months, it rains frequently in the afternoon. Economy Singapore is one of the most successful Asian tiger economies, with a per capita GDP of $60,500 US, fifth in the world. Its unemployment rate as of 2011 was an enviable 2%, with 80% of workers employed in the services and 19.6% in industry. Singapore exports electronics, telecommunications equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and refined petroleum. It imports food and consumer goods  but has a substantial trade surplus. History of Singapore Humans settled the islands that now form Singapore at least as early as the 2nd century CE, but little is known about the early history of the area. Claudius Ptolemaeus, a Greek cartographer, identified an island in Singapores location  and noted that it was an important international trading port. Chinese sources note the existence of the main island in the third century  but provide no details. In 1320, the Mongol Empire sent emissaries to a place called Long Ya Men, or Dragons Tooth Strait, believed to be on Singapore Island. The Mongols were seeking elephants. A decade later, the Chinese explorer Wang Dayuan described a pirate fortress with mixed Chinese and Malay population called Dan Ma Xi, his rendering of the Malay name Tamasik (meaning Sea Port). As for Singapore itself, its founding legend states that in the thirteenth century, a prince of Srivijaya, called Sang Nila Utama or Sri Tri Buana, was shipwrecked on the island. He saw a lion there for the first time in his life  and took this as a sign that he should found a new city, which he named Lion City- Singapura. Unless the big cat was also shipwrecked there, it is unlikely that the story is literally true, since the island was home to tigers but not lions. For the next three hundred years, Singapore changed hands between the Java-based Majapahit Empire and the Ayutthaya Kingdom in Siam (now Thailand). In the 16th century, Singapore became an important trading depot for the Sultanate of Johor, based on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. However, in 1613 Portuguese pirates burned the city to the ground, and Singapore vanished from international notice for two hundred years. In 1819, Britains Stamford Raffles founded the modern city of Singapore as a British trading post in Southeast Asia. It became known as the Straits Settlements in 1826  and then was claimed as an official Crown Colony of Britain in 1867. Britain retained control of Singapore until 1942  when the Imperial Japanese Army launched a bloody invasion of the island as part of its Southern Expansion drive in World War II. The Japanese Occupation lasted until 1945. Following the Second World War, Singapore took a circuitous route to independence. The British believed that the former Crown Colony was too small to function as an independent state. Nonetheless, between 1945 and 1962, Singapore received increasing measures of autonomy, culminating in self-government from 1955 to 1962. In 1962, after a public referendum, Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation. However, deadly race riots broke out between ethnic Chinese and Malay citizens of Singapore in 1964, and the island voted in 1965 to break away from the Federation of Malaysia once more. In 1965, the Republic of Singapore became a fully self-governing, autonomous state. Although it has faced difficulties, including more race riots in 1969 and the East Asian financial crisis of 1997, it has proved overall a very stable and prosperous little nation.

What was Northern Learning and why did some Korean scholars advocate Coursework

What was Northern Learning and why did some Korean scholars advocate it Why did others oppose it How do you evaluate Northern Learning (and Practical Learning) in the context of economic development - Coursework Example The learning borrowed ideas from the neighboring China, which had a more orderly social, economic, military and political structure as compared to Korea. Some ideas were borrowed from Europe through the Catholic missionaries (Choi, 2006). There was a rapid change in the economic structure in Korea such that large scale farming was being adopted in the rural areas and wholesale and large-scale production was being adopted in the urban areas. As a result of this, many small-scale farmers lost their land in the rural areas to the large-scale farmers, and the small business owners were pushed out of business in the urban areas. There was a wide margin amid the rich and poor creating a wide social gap (Kim, 1981). Some scholars in Korea during that time developed a form of learning that would address these problems in a more practical way in Korea. The Northern learning took into consideration the culture, history, religion and geography of the Korean people alongside with the ideas borrowed from the neighboring countries to develop solutions to the political, social and economic problems they observed in their society (Setton, 1997). This form of learning received direct criticism especially from the ruling class and the wealthy merchants and farmers of the day since it attacked their privileges directly and criticized their methods of thriving and ruling (Kalton, 1975). Northern learning was developed over a period of time after a careful analysis of the challenges facing the people of Korea. It provided more practical solutions to the problems of a young developing nation. This approach is more suitable to most developing countries today since it is not biased to a single culture, but it incorporates ideas from many cultures yet still maintains the culture of the Korean people (Palais,

Adult Education in the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult Education in the 21st Century - Essay Example Many theories have been put forward on how adults learn in the 21st century resulting to different propositions in this issue. One of the many theories proposed is Malcolm Knowles’ theory of andragogy that has gained acceptance based on recognition. This theory has been accepted without careful consideration of its propositions. Though widely accepted, there have been debates about this theory’s classification. People have not been able to define this theory according to its work (is it an adult learning theory, a teaching theory, a philosophical theory or all of these) because it may serve different purposes. Adult learning process is a bit different from child education, and it would encompass issues such as the purpose of learning. This process would also require that those being taught choose how they want the process to be done. This would not be the case when dealing with school going children. This write up looks on how adult learning is done in the 21st century. Knowles defines andragogy as â€Å"the art and science of teaching adults.† In his efforts to work on this theory, he gave four assumptions upon which adult learning would be based. According to Knowles, adult learning is based on the following assumptions. The first assumption is that teachers are responsible for helping adults to move from reliance and become independent.The other assumption is that learners are believed to see education as a way to increase their competence. Thirdly, Knowles makes an assumption that learners will be willing to learn to aim that the knowledge attained would enable them solve real-life problems. The other assumption is that adults have are experienced, and this would facilitate the learning process. Later, Knowles together with Holton and Swanson added two assumptions on adult learning. The first one was that adults knew the reason that made them learn at that age. The final assumption in this area is that self esteem is a motivator for adul t education. One concept in this theory is that adult learning has been compared to a contract that requires at least two parties. The teacher and the learner negotiate on the outcome of the learning process that is yet to be implemented. Negotiations on how the outcome will be achieved are also done by these two parties. This corporation of the teacher and the learner in formulating strategies together is the foundation upon which andragogy is based. Therefore, andragogy provide insights on the learning process and is considered an approach to adult education and development (St. Clair, 2002). Transformational and relative learning Adult learning process applies a process called situated learning which tackles activities that are familiar to the learner. Here, the adult students learn through immersion in activities that concern their discipline of study. For instance, engineering and political science students would be required to examine the content and structure of governmental websites. This would enable them study the weaknesses and strengths of government resources that are provided online (Sholes, 2003). Situated learning will aim to achieve various aspects on adults taking learning lessons. Present the students with situations that would reflect the way they will apply the knowledge they have acquired in real life situations. For example, this would be in problem solving in their discipline of work. It will also provide numerous roles and multiple perspectives, support working together in construction of knowledge and admission to expert performances. Constructive- development learning The other theory applied in adult learning is constructive- development theory that encompasses adult growth and the learning proc