The Effects Of Music Videos On Children Young People Essay

The Effects Of Music Videos On Children Young People Essay Music awakens in our brains toward the beginning of the day to the point of making us need to move and likely relieving us when we have sand sentiments. From our adolescence through young to adulthood, music turns into our essential part in our entire life. At young, music characterizes the qualities of a person. Pediatricians have attempted to work in immature medication and furthermore consider the intensity of music and how it influences their character. The effect on the people social and social limits is profoundly ascribed to the long normal long periods of tuning in to music. Regardless of the way that there is broad assortment of classes of music, grown-ups and youngsters contrast on how they select the substance to tune in to. With the capacity to recognize what is correct and what's going on, grown-ups may not be profoundly influenced by the present conduct or social ills. Kids then again are a lot of inclined to the appealing vicious classification of music; the music contains plots that draw teenagers and other minority. During the advancement arranges in juvenile, youngsters attempt to find their own Hero and good examples. This implies nature in which these kids spend and develop will give them the character they need as own saint. As of now, the most motivating issue to the youngster is to get what she or he needs. Accepting that the youngster has individual issues o challenges that the person in question needs to vanquish, it is simpler to lean toward vicious characters on TV and afterward embrace their method of getting things done. A large port ion of the hip bounce music for example contains rough commitment, utilization of medications, sexual circumstances just as sexual savagery. The kid would then create with the thought that the person in question must be fierce or pompous to make due throughout everyday life. Overwhelming metal music has outrageous estranging impacts on creating kids which incorporates mental scatters, substance misuse, sex-job generalizing and self destruction hazard. On the off chance that a youngster shows vicious acts against other kids, the parent or the instructor needs to give close consideration the music being tuned in to by kids (Kathy John). Most music recordings may show half bare ladies which influence the emotional wellness of a kid. Because of the cultural social arrangement, this method of dressing isn't satisfactory out in the open. In this way youngsters experience extreme mental strain in choosing what to acknowledge as a standard or abhorrence. Contingent upon the presentation the kid encounters, the youngster can create for the earth. A youngster can develop in a quiet domain which may advance the prosperity of the kid. Quiet recordings can enable the kid to appreciate to have the future the individual in question sees on the TV or such media. These gatherings of youngsters like to remain in tranquil condition and generally will in general be devoted and acknowledged in the general public. Then again brutal recordings will in general depict that the world is a lot of vicious than the manner in which it is. This causes kids to accept that their house is the main exclusion that is sheltered. Youngsters get bamboozled that their families must line up with the general public. Kids don't have incredible introduction to the external society because of their parental consideration. This leaves the youngsters to comprehend the network to be home and TV or advanced media. This implies if the guardians don't remain at home for extended periods, the kid may wind up embracing the media culture other than the home culture. The youngster propels in being fierce and forceful through the juvenile to early adulthood. The psychological contents created by youngsters are created through mimicking media saints. A large portion of these are received from fierce music recordings and shows. As adolescents and youngsters watch these vicious demonstrations, they can disguise these contents and become viable in affecting the life of the individual (Mhhe.com). Design is one of the territories that young people and kids need to feel like they rule. They generally need to exceed others, either among themselves or when alone. Big names receive explicit design for various tracks and recordings; this leaves the youngster in a much helpless and fragile circumstance of choosing the style they need. These style issues may turn into an issue to the family since they may not be adequate to the guardians and the overall population. The strained can prompt family issues where guardians take part in physical encounter with the kid. Kids then again are not in a situation to contend with the circumstance wherein case they might be drawn away from their family. Regions in which design influences young lady youngster incorporates sparse dressing, inappropriate make up use and utilization of medications to change their body form to look appealing. Young men may not encounter broad impacts since the general public doesn't set what is ethically wrong for the kid youngster. The issue anyway might be articulated in a Christian family setting. This implies kids can contrarily be influenced by such design (Media Awareness Network). The other issue zone that music recordings influence kids during advancement is the abuse and utilization of liquor in youngsters. Video show unequivocal circumstances where youngsters are utilizing liquor and medications. The youngster feels that such utilization of medications and liquor would make the known and regarded in the general public. Since the video may not be one in particular that show such practices, the kid will in general feel that utilization of medications or liquor doesn't have any results all things considered. Despite the fact that they may see cautioning signs on bulletins featuring the negative impacts of utilizing medications and liquor in youthful age, they don't get persuaded as they get while viewing a video. Such a kid faces the anger of utilizing such medications and liquor to a state of compulsion. The issue with such fixation is that they would require the person to get clinical consideration and recovery to recoup and have a typical life once more. Be fore the youngster or a parent finds this issue, the kid would have burnt through a great deal of valuable time that could be utilized to create gifts and find their strategic life. As prior stated, kids may not be in a situation to decide their good example with a cognizant brain; the noticeable condition decides for them (Media Awareness Network). Language is the other part of a youngster that is influenced by these recordings. A kid would consistently need to build up their ordering capacity particularly among peers or to utilize when asking something from the parent. The way toward growing to such an extent that the individual in question can deserve admiration normally can get meddled with through sound and visual media. At the point when the youngster sees somebody on video evoking disgusting words to other people and completes what he needs, and afterward the kid will think that its simpler and effective. The way that such language is regular in hard music which happens to be wide spread, the kid expect that such language is permitted in the general public. The kid winds up embracing the disgusting language for use in the network. Such youngsters get segregated in a general public that qualities conscious people (Media Awareness Network). Dread is the other impact the music recordings can have on the youngsters. Kids consistently need to have a sense of security and secure; it may not be the situation when they find that the world isn't as they take it. Firearms and passings appear to be misrepresented on recordings with the end goal that the kid feels that anybody can be killed whenever and the criminal goes without any penalty. The youngster may create dread this may transpire or her or even to one of the relatives. This can result to negative improvement of such youngsters. With headway in video creation innovation, video activity has gotten a lot simpler. A few recordings contain pictures indicating circumstances where individual are being damaged by obscure animals, such video can be a dread factor to a kid who has not grown enough to comprehend that such pictures are human manifestations and fiction. Such recordings that alarm kids can trigger self-destructive or maniacal emotions in a kid. Music recordings show unequivocal films that advance sex in the general public. Obviously such pictures would be of much enthusiasm to kids who have not yet attempted to enjoy sex itself. They go about as the base whereupon they figure out how sex happens. The sexual cognizance of a youngster might be excited through such recordings. Youngsters would then be able to attempt among themselves what they watched occur. During the time spent difficult, indiscreet grown-ups may become pulled in to such minors. This opens to the kid numerous difficulties in life including explicitly transmitted contaminations or even AIDS. Such sexual encounters are difficult for kids to contain and control, making them much helpless against attackers and youngster sex (Aubrey Jennifer). All in all, music recordings have exceptionally influenced the structure of our general public because of the adequacy broad media. The intensity of such media has various preferences that have profited the general public, however this doesn't occur without an assortment of back draws. Through the equivalent visual innovation, our general public has debased to a state of grabbing childrens mind; youngsters can't live anything else without recordings. Media has gotten a lot of open to kids and adolescents through web. It is anyway the obligation of the watchman to make helpful condition for the kid to develop. This can be accomplished through utilization of web channel apparatuses to lockout wrong media from gushing. The parent can likewise buy in for family programs that have their substance checked for general crowd. It may be hard or the parent to control what the kid watches when alone along these lines, it is likewise the obligation of the parent to prompt their kids on what is s uitable and what isn't. Work refered to Aubrey Jennifer. The effect of explicitly typifying media introduction on negative body movements what's more, sexual self observations exploring the intervening job of body reluctance 2007. May 3, 2010 Kathy Dix John Harris. Savagery in Music May 3, 2010 Media Awareness Network. Improper substance in music negative impacts May 3, 2010

The Merchants Tale Essay Example

The Merchants Tale Paper The utilization of the word ‘but’ in line 843 is the principal sign to the crowd that there will be a noteworthy change inside Januarie’s fortune. Up until this point he has been extensively fortunate; he is depicted as a ‘worthy knight’ who has ‘lived in welcome prosperitee’ and has been hitched to ‘fresshe may, his paradys, his make’. Through this inordinate measure of fortune, Chaucer has driven the crowd to trust it is unrealistic, thus the change is practically unavoidable. Januarie’s fortune is spoken to by the picture of ‘the scorpion’, which grins with its face while stinging with its ‘sweete venym queynte’, similarly as Januarie is deluded into accepting he has discovered stable bliss when he abruptly goes dazzle. When Januarie turns out to be truly visually impaired, this turns into a satisfaction of the figurative visual deficiency of self-daydream which has tormented him from the beginning. On line 386, the crowd are helped to remember the maxim ‘love is blind’, and Januarie’s character has been developed to this point as an exhibit of reality of this truism. Now in the story, we have as of late heard May’s voice just because, (as 770) yet we are yet to think a lot about May’s character from anybody other than Januarie’s point of view. Be that as it may, the females previously referenced in the story, for example, Abigail, the spouse of Nabal and Rebecca, the mother of Jacob all picked up their own fortune and influence using misdirection and dishonesty, slanting the crowd to accept that May is going to utilize comparable procedures. We will compose a custom paper test on The Merchants Tale explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Merchants Tale explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Merchants Tale explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It before long becomes clear that this misleading is on account of Januarie, ‘for as great is visually impaired deceyved be/As to be deceyved whan a man may se’. The way that he is being misdirected as a result of the two his physical and mental visual deficiency makes Januarie seem helpless, and the crowd nearly starts to feel sorry for him, demonstrating that the force balance has moved unexpectedly from Januarie to May. The language Chaucer decides to utilize adds to showing this force balance successfully. Fortune is exemplified in this entry, as is regular in Chaucer’s composing. Like various conceptual characteristics which have the female linguistic sexual orientation in Latin, the exemplification is feminized, and she is introduced as a lady, regularly blindfolded, to show the assertion of her activity, a holding a wheel on which her casualties rise and fall. When contrasting this picture with May, obviously she presently has full force and power over Januarie. It isn't just clear how May has picked up control over this section, yet in addition how Januarie has lost his. He turns out to be so controlled by envy that He nolde suffre employ for to ride or go/But in the event that that he hadde hond on her alway’ , ‘nor anyplace/Would he permit his significant other to take the air/Unless his hand were on her, day and night’. Towards the start of the story, it is impossible that Januarie would have been so possessive over his new spouse, as he included enough certainty inside himself to forestall any desire. At the point when he loses his sight, it is evident that his reluctance turns out to be especially solid, by and by causing him to appear to be defenseless and vulnerable, and May’s untrustworthiness just expands Januarie’s absence of intensity

Startup Hubs Around the World Berlin

Startup Hubs Around the World Berlin 1.  LOCATION The urban setting of Berlin is making a name for itself among young entrepreneurs who have a vision for the future, but who want to enjoy living while they’re young. The reunification of Germany left Berlin with a wide assortment of abandoned buildings. Former government buildings that were no longer needed were abandoned and the city found itself with cavernous buildings that were eventually converted into creative spaces and cheap housing. The combination of the two created a culture that is helping to propel Berlin to the forefront of the tech industry. An influx of young people looking for inexpensive housing, lively party scenes and a creative environment has caused a perfect storm of elements that cannot be overlooked. © Shutterstock.com | canadastockIn this article about Berlin, we look at  six essential elements  of a potential start-up location that must be considered: 1)  location, 2)  tax incentives, 3)  legal incentives, 4)  availability of investors, 5)  local resources and workforce, and 6)  specialization.1.  LOCATIONThe capital city of Germany, Berlin is poised to become Europe’s leading start-up hub within the next ten years, according to experts.   The momentum that Berlin has gained can be maximized by working off the success it has already had and improving in several key areas.   Berlin has attracted a growing number of young, educated people who are looking for an environment that is conducive to creative work and creative play.Old world buildings, traditional architecture and a landscape that is teeming in history gives Berlin an classic feel that is hard to find elsewhere in the world.   As the capital city, it is considered Europe’s hippest city â€" a reputation that it rece ived from the onslaught of young people who flocked there.The start-up community in Berlin has a wealth of advantages, beginning with the availability of cheap office and housing spaces.   Rent is typically one of the largest expenses a company has and a struggling start-up is often scrambling for a location they can afford.   The rents in Berlin are affordable, making it an attractive location for many companies.As an urban city, the transport of raw and finished materials both in and out of the city is easily managed.   Warehouse space is easy to find for the start-up that requires larger areas for product assembly and/or workspace. © Venture Village2. TAX INCENTIVESThe economic benefits of becoming a start-up hub are vital to the continued advancement of Berlin. Developing a culture that welcomes innovation and design through the creation of tech start-ups will improve the economy in various ways. Offering tax incentives to start-ups located in Berlin will help to increase the number of people interested in beginning a business. It will encourage entrepreneurs to consider start-ups as a viable venture, and will increase the possibility of businesses staying in Berlin.The tax incentives available to you will vary based on the type of business you are establishing and the specific tax laws in place. Consult with a tax professional who is trained in the German tax code to ensure that you receive any tax incentives that are available.3. LEGAL INCENTIVESCreating a centralized location in Berlin that would focus on the support of start-ups would help encourage political, economic and academic fields to join forces. This would enable Berlin to develop policies and initiatives to attract additional investors and start-up companies, and would provide additional legal incentives to the company.  Finding a lawyer that specializes in the specific legal incentives available is a necessity for anyone considering establishing a start-up in Berlin.   The legal ramifications of improperly registering a corporation, etc, can be costly and inconvenient.   Before pursuing any type of venture, make sure that the legal paperwork is taken care of by a professional.4. AVAILABILITY OF INVESTORSVenture capitalists in Berlin invested over 133 million euros, compared to 24 million in the next most heavily invested city. The city of Berlin is bursting with potential investors who are looking for solid talent and growth potential. Established investors are highly successful in identifying new businesses, but need to improve on the investment opportunities for companies in the growth phase.Angel and seed investors ha ve an easily recognizable presence in the city, making it easy for start-ups to make contact and connections with the people who have the needed funds.   Trying to navigate the world of venture capital alone can be frustrating and distressing.   Establishing a forum for investors and entrepreneurs to connect creates interest in the city’s future.   Growing incubators, collaborative workshops, networking events and other opportunities for business owners to meet and investigate potential connections begins to generate a climate of excitement and innovation.It is obvious that the potential for tech start-ups in Berlin is immense.   The investors are there, and the entrepreneurs are there.   Getting the two together is the challenge that Berlin faces if it truly wants to be a contender on the start-up front.   As the capital, it attracts big money investors that have a vested interest in the country. By maximizing the opportunities that have naturally developed, it can help to sustai n the start-up market in the city.5. AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL RESOURCES AND WORKFORCEThe general attractiveness of Berlin as a place to live helps to attract workers and talent. However, there is a shortfall of students entering technical fields or expressing an interest in starting a business. Berlin attracts fewer foreign skilled workers than other start-up hubs, creating a shortfall of needed talent in the workforce. Increasing student enthusiasm and interest in becoming entrepreneurs will help solidify the city’s start-up hub position.Berlin has a growing population of creative individuals who are drawn to the city to pursue their art.   The idea that most people are there to ‘work on a project’ is common, and it is known as an eclectic, artistic city.   That type of environment fosters a sense of creativity that encourages outside the box thinking and fuels new technology and ideas.   Encouraging more technical creativity will help in generating the needed ideas to inspire p eople to pursue entrepreneurship.6. SPECIALIZATIONWorking towards a business model that designates Berlin as a ‘city of the future’, start-ups in the German city are geared towards highly advanced industries. Building on the existing strengths that the city’s start-ups have will help ensure that the city continues its entrepreneurial advance. The fields predominantly featured in Berlin include biotechnology/medical technology, urban technology and digital business models. By establishing a centralized campus center, the start-up companies would be able to network together and generate ideas, support and coaching for each other â€" helping ensure success.As with other markets that are encouraging growth in the biotechnology/medical fields, the future is bright for these newly developing fields.   The challenge will be developing cutting edge technology that can be useful long-term in a constantly evolving and growing market.   Start-ups need to be developed that can be purchase d by larger medical or research firms, as well as companies that are developing long term protocols and products.   Both types of specialization will be needed in the future and Berlin needs to begin to seek out the individuals who can provide this.Urban technology is a growing field as well and has a wide range of possibilities for development.   Trying to establish a foothold in the tech market with this field will require creative problem solving and attention to detail.   Due to the urban nature of Berlin, the individuals who live there are uniquely poised to develop solutions to some of the problems their own city is having.   By focusing on problems they are currently facing, the solutions will often benefit not just their own city but other cities as well.   Empowering the creative individuals who live and work in the city to identify and solve some of the common problems would begin to generate interest in the entrepreneurship process.   By tying the problem to a current, ex isting issue, people begin to see the necessity of a solution.As cloud based computing grows in scope and size, digital business models will become more and more in demand.   Finding potential start-up opportunities that can maximize on the experiences of Berlin will accomplish several key things at once.   It solves problems that the city is facing during this period of growth and expansion.   It also creates a framework that other organizations can use to solve their problems or issues.   Further, it generates interest in the process of becoming an entrepreneur.Success breeds success â€" drawing more investors, other potential start-ups and skilled workers to the city.   Berlin start-ups are slowly beginning to achieve success which will help build the city into a start-up hub.   SoundCloud â€" an online collection of audio files set up similarly to YouTube â€" is one of Berlin’s first success stories.   Other prominent start-ups include 6Wunderlist: an app that manages to-do li sts, Gidsy: a virtual marketplace for experience junkies, EyeEm: a social media photo sharing application and Amen: a platform that lets people post their opinions about virtually anything. One can almost feel the anticipation in the city as entrepreneurs are waiting for the ‘one big exit’ that will draw international attention to Berlin.   All of the pieces are there, now the city is in a tentative holding pattern as developers wait for one of their early efforts to payoff.Berlin Startup Ecosystem Ympact A Cautionary TaleA danger to the Berlin start-up scene is the number of companies that are focusing on industry clones rather than innovation.   One company has developed an incubator/accelerator model that essentially clones successful US companies, and then sells the clones back to the original company.   They have used this method with great success beginning with eBay (they created Alando and then sold it to the internet giant); then took on Groupon (CityDeals was their ve rsion of the money-saving website) followed by Care.com (they made Betreut).   While imitation is known as the highest form of flattery, the reputation of simply being a cloner is less than appealing to the fledgling start-up industry in Berlin.   The development of start-ups that can create innovative technologies on their own is imperative for success as a start-up hub.It is not realistic to expect the problems Berlin has faced over the last thirty years to disappear overnight.   Nor is it realistic to expect a start-up to show up and change the entire climate of the city.   However, with gradual progress, Berlin can work towards improving their city in incremental steps.   They can begin to attract start-ups are looking for a vibrant, working city.   Start-ups that are trying to break into the tech world have stiff competition all over the world.   It can be disheartening to pour time and effort into a project only to have it dashed to the side or overlooked for someone else’s version.   Time is an enemy in the race to be first with start-ups and no one wants to be second.   Finding a location that meets all the potential needs of the company is essential, and securing funding that will allow the company to do what it does best is vital.Berlin is poised to be a powerful contender for start-up success, but the city must overcome its obstacles quickly.   The growing reputation for being a ‘party town’, a Bohemian paradise and an industry clone must be put aside if they truly want to become a start-up hub.   The relatively recent entries into the start-up war are beginning to settle into their roles and are expecting other companies to follow into the fledgling Berlin marketplace.   Only time will tell what success Berlin will have as they continue to develop their business acumen along with their creative climate.   With the right leadership and diligent planning, Berlin could take its expected place at the top of Europe’s start-up market.Berlin has t he opportunity to re-invent itself and move into the future as a successful, vibrant city.   Obviously, there was a period of adjustment needed with the reunification of Germany and they have had a quarter of a century to get their bearings.   Moving forward, the city must take decisive action if they want to truly advance.   The rising generation knows little of the city’s past struggles, and the young developers who have only known a unified Germany will either recognize Berlin as a place of innovation or a city that never quite recovered from history.Interviews with Entrepreneurs from Berlin Wooga: JanMiczaika reBuy: Lawrence Leuschner DeliveryHero: Claude Ritte Nikita Fahrenholz Get Your Guide: Johannes Reck

Poachers Kill Magnificent Animals for Profit Essay

â€Å"Lions and tigers, oh my!† Some know animals such as these to be scary; other people understand these animals to be a beautiful creation of Earth. Whether you are afraid of mighty beasts or simply in awe of them, it astonishes many people when they realize how few of them are still alive. Rhinoceroses, elephants, leopards, tigers, African lions, and many more creatures are all considered an endangered species, and we are the reason they are deemed that way. The one element all of those animals have in common is that they are valuable. Rhinoceroses are treasured for their horns; Elephants for their tusks. Lions, tigers, and leopards are all wanted for their skins. These magnificent beings are some of the main sources for poachers. Before†¦show more content†¦If any main predator species were to become extinct then prey species would no longer have any factors regulating their population. Therefore, the prey would have an overproduction of offspring which would cause a decrease in the plant life and have continuous damage down to the bottom of the food chain. Eventually, the major disaster that would occur is the exhaustion of the food supply. Even though poaching may seem unstoppable because of its ‘supply and demand’ methods, many people and countries have banded together to help stop the destruction of species and the detriments that follow. One organization that is attempting to stop poaching is the Environmental Investigation Agency. The EIA has spread awareness to many different areas and has been informing the public about how vulnerable ecosystems are and the repercussions that will result if poaching continues. It also educates people on the simple ways they can help reduce poaching such as refusing any illegal animal items or parts offered to them. The United States, Canada, Taiwan, and Australia have also participated in the plan to prevent poaching. All four countries have laws against finning sharks, or the process of removing a shark’s fins and then ‘throwing back’ the body. Fisherman are allowed to catch sharks in these countries, but they must retrieve all of the shark and keep it intact. Nearly all countries and major

Should Drugs Be Legalized - 1005 Words

Drugs are upon the most controversial topics in the world, they are known for many reasons for bringing evil among the communities. They affect lower class families who struggle to make living in the world. The drug trade industry has lead politicians to corruption, because it makes them have more power. Drugs have made a huge impact in today’s society, although people will argue and agree that drugs can make the world a better place if they were just to be legalized. If drugs were to be legalized, it would make the problem an even bigger one. If drugs were to be legalized, then people would have easier access to them, leading to a drugs because abuse, making the person react to the effects of the drug and making horrible decisions. The drug industry has brought a lot of issues over the years. It has the people committing illegal activities. For example, a bag of cocaine coming from El Salvador would have to pass numerous borders just to reach its destination somewhere in Nort h America. For a bag cocaine to reach its destination safely, it would involve countless amounts of humans and that would involve numerous amounts of risks. Humans are willing to put their lives at risks just for a simple a bag of cocaine. Drugs have had a major impact on recent generations than any other. According to an article, Drug Legalization: Rescuing Central America from the Claws of Crime, written by authors, Cachanosky, Ivan, Vannia J. Zelaya, and Walter E. Block. The drug trade industryShow MoreRelatedShould Drugs be Legalized?1007 Words   |  4 PagesShould all drugs be legalized? Suppose that someone has some life threatening illness and suppose that a drug that has not yet been approved by the FDA can cure this illness. Should he have to die just because some government bureaucrat tells him that he cannot have this drug? 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In federal circumstances, â€Å"convictions are from drug trafficking† and in the states, it’s for â€Å"drug possession.† The federal punishments are longer sentences and harsher punishment while the states place the arrestee is charged with misdemeanor and is put on probation, short jail term, or a fine. However, in court, if the criminal pleads guilty, they keep a clean criminal record and take a prescribed substance abuse program†¦vacated†¦and [18 months later]Read MoreShould Drug Be Legalized?1358 Word s   |  6 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? Drugs are actually kind of brilliant products as they bring a lot of advantages to our society especially in medical area except when someone misuses them. Because of these abuses, certain drugs have been designated as illegal articles in lots of countries across the globe. Thus, we can see that in these recent decades, our society has involved in holy drug wars with the aim to strike against this disastrous drug abuses trend. However, a new phenomenon occurs when someRead MoreDrugs Should Be Legalized?1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt seems that drugs should be legalized because, â€Å"the existing evidence suggests that net costs for drugs are higher under probation-substantially higher in some cases† (Miron, 839). Miron is proposing that prohibition leads to significantly high prices for drugs which creates incentives for suppliers to develop a black market and make enormous profits. By legalizing drugs, he argues that the price will be driven down so that the black market will be eliminated because the profits will not beRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1801 Words   |  8 PagesShould Drugs Be Legalized? What can be considered by far the most terrible evil, exciting an increasing number of very young people who cannot in consequence of the normal full life? Evil, which first brings joy, then life turns into a nightmare? Evil that breaks the health and life of the person obeyed it, all his family and friends? Evil, which spreads very quickly, while hitting not only the body but also the soul of person? Some people want to earn money from this evil, others - are trying toRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized?1239 Words   |  5 Pages80-90% of all inmates are incarcerated due to drug related crime or robbery to help pay for their drugs that they owe money on. For these inmates dealing with drugs is something very normal in their lives. Drugs being involved in prisons is also something that is very similar to the world. Prison guards find an inmate trying to smuggle in drugs at least once a week. As seen on Orange is the New Black in many episodes in season 2 and 3 the inmates smuggled in tobacco for cigarettes and Nicky got inRead MoreHard Drugs Should Not be Legalized937 Words   |  4 PagesKurt Cobain once expressed the idea that, â€Å"drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect and everything that goes along with your self-esteem†. 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Illicit drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Drugs Be Legalized?932 Words   |  4 PagesThe subject of drugs has certainly been an issue that has been widely discussed. Over the years, it has always boiled down to whether all drugs should be legalized or not. While the United States has been arguing over the topic of for many years, countries, such as Portugal, have taken an alternative and very unique way to fight the war on drugs. In 2001, the Portuguese government decided to flip its war on dru gs strategy entirely: It decriminalized them all (Aleem). At first, this strategy was greatly

Indian Consumer Behavior Free Essays

CONSUMER LIFESTYLES IN INDIA (NOVEMBER 2004) 1. INTRODUCTION This report analyses consumer lifestyles in India and forms part of a 52-country series that complements the Euro monitor Consumer Lifestyles Database. Each country profile is structured under the following sub-headings: †¢ Population †¢ Consumer segmentation †¢ Regional development †¢ Home ownership †¢ Household profiles †¢ Labour †¢ Income †¢ Consumer and family expenditure †¢ Health †¢ Education †¢ Eating habits †¢ Drinking habits †¢ Shopping †¢ Personal grooming †¢ Fashion †¢ Leisure †¢ Savings †¢ Media †¢ Communications Transport †¢ Tourism The information in this report was gathered from a wide range of sources, starting with the national statistical agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Consumer Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now This information was cross-checked for consistency, probability and mathematical accuracy. Secondly, we sought to fill in the gaps in the official National statistical offices by using private sector surveys and official pan-regional and global sources. Furthermore, Euromonitor has carried out an extensive amount of modelling in order to come up with interesting data sets to complement the national standards available. The wide range of sources used in the compilation of this report means that there are occasionally discrepancies in the data which we were not able to reconcile in every instance. Even when the data is produced by the same national statistical office on a specific parameter, like the total population in a particular year, discrepancies can occur depending on whether it was derived from a survey, a national census or a projection and whether the data are mid-year or January. For slow trends, data are presented for 1990, 1995 and 2000-2003. Where it is interesting to look at projections, the data encompasses 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Fast-moving trends such as communications are illustrated with data sets relating to 1990, 1995, 2000-2005, 2010 and 2015. Consumer goods data cover the period 1998-2003. 2. POPULATION 2. 1 Population by Age 700 million Indians are under the age of 35, making India one of the youngest nations in the world. The population of youth is almost equally divided between men and women, and in terms of numbers is more than the population of Latin America and the Caribbean put together. The changing demographics can be attributed to a slowdown in birth rate during the 1990s as well as rising levels of diseases amongst the 30+ age group. The biggest attraction for international players is perhaps the sheer numbers that provide them turnovers that corporates dream of. The 5-9 year-age group was the largest in 2004 though growth rates have been dropping over the review period. By the end of the forecast period though, the 15-19 year-age group is expected to be the largest in a digression from the historical trend indicating that the country will age slowly. In absolute terms, 10-14 year olds, 15-19 year olds and 20-24 year olds grew by approximately 25% since 1990. The changing demographics has been due to the high levels of birth rate in the last decade resulting in a population that attained these age levels post 2000. The population above 70 years of age will more than have doubled over the 1990-2015 period. 97% growth is expected amongst the 80+ group over the 2000-2015 period. Migration to other countries, better healthcare and a slowdown in birth rate are expected to contribute to some of these trends. The median age of the population is rising, albeit extremely slowly. Death rates are dropping gradually with improved access to healthcare but it is also accompanied by rather high levels of birth rate. According to an Oxford University Press publication by Tim Dyson, Robert Cassen and Leela Visaria by 2015, shifts are expected. The median age would rise to 31 from the current 24, and the proportion of 60+ would rise from 7% to 11%. Table 1 Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 114,799 119,235 120,974 117,342 116,462 116,324 5-9 yrs 102,289 110,845 115,921 118,296 115,260 114,758 10-14 yrs 89,781 100,560 109,302 114,583 117,137 114,226 15-19 yrs 85,268 88,870 99,696 08,541 113,937 116,575 20-24 yrs 77,264 84,180 87,878 98,790 107,722 113,188 25-29 yrs 68,307 76,098 83,001 86,771 97,607 106,430 30-34 yrs 59,422 67,262 74,926 81,753 85,361 95,802 35-39 yrs 49,661 58,435 66,152 73,656 80,244 83,504 40-44 yrs 41,157 48,632 57,281 64,854 72,146 78,395 45-49 yrs 35,384 39,977 47,346 55,842 63,253 70,294 50-54 yrs 31,1 25 33,892 38,442 45,667 53,980 61,191 55-59 yrs 26,547 29,144 31,917 36,391 43,422 51,469 60-64 yrs 21,023 23,942 26,496 29,242 33,590 40,300 65-69 yrs 15,507 17,879 20,598 23,047 25,711 29,807 70-74 yrs 10,547 12,112 14,196 16,614 18,870 21,331 75-79 yrs 6,274 7,213 8,471 10,146 12,127 4,023 80+ yrs 3,678 4,497 5,951 7,536 9,431 11,708 TOTAL 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,089,072 1,166,258 1,239,325 Median age of 21. 68 22. 45 23. 28 24. 31 25. 62 27. 05 population (Years) Death rates (per ‘000 10. 63 9. 49 8. 67 8. 07 7. 66 7. 49 inhabitants) Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 2 Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 70 12. 92 11. 99 10. 77 9. 99 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 21 12. 01 11. 49 10. 86 9. 88 9. 26 10-14 yrs 10. 71 10. 90 10. 84 10. 52 10. 04 9. 22 15-19 yrs 10. 17 9. 63 9. 89 9. 97 9. 77 9. 41 20-24 yrs 9. 22 9. 12 8. 71 9. 07 9. 4 9. 13 25-29 yrs 8. 15 8. 25 8. 23 7. 97 8. 37 8. 59 30-34 yrs 7. 09 7. 29 7. 43 7. 51 7. 32 7. 73 35-39 yrs 5. 93 6. 33 6. 56 6. 76 6. 88 6. 74 40-44 yrs 4. 91 5. 27 5. 68 5. 95 6. 19 6. 33 45-49 yrs 4. 22 4. 33 4. 69 5. 13 5. 42 5. 67 50-54 yrs 3. 71 3. 67 3. 81 4. 19 4. 63 4. 94 55-59 yrs 3. 17 3. 16 3. 16 3. 34 3. 72 4. 15 60-64 yrs 2. 51 2. 59 2. 63 2. 69 2. 88 3. 25 65-69 yrs 1. 85 1. 94 2. 04 2. 12 2. 20 2. 41 70-74 yrs 1. 26 1. 31 1. 41 1. 53 1. 62 1. 72 75-79 yrs 0. 75 0. 78 0. 84 0. 93 1. 04 1. 13 80+ yrs 0. 44 0. 49 0. 59 0. 69 0. 81 0. 94 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 3 Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 33 -3. 84 5-9 yrs 12. 19 -1. 00 10-14 yrs 27. 23 4. 51 15-19 yrs 36. 72 16. 93 20-24 yrs 46. 50 28. 80 25-29 yrs 55. 81 28. 23 30-34 yrs 61. 22 27. 86 35-39 yrs 68. 15 26. 23 40-44 yrs 90. 48 36. 86 45-49 yrs 98. 66 48. 47 50-54 yrs 96. 60 59. 18 55-59 yrs 93. 88 61. 26 60-64 yrs 91. 69 52. 10 65-69 yrs 92. 21 44. 71 70-74 yrs 102. 24 50. 26 75-79 yrs 123. 51 65. 54 80+ yrs 218. 34 96. 76 TOTAL 47. 89 22. 88 Median age of population 24. 76 16. 19 Death rates -29. 52 -13. 55 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. Male Population by Age Males constitute 52% of the population. Half are under the age of 29 and are looking for earning opportunities. Though liberalisation and the recent NDA (National Democratic Alliance) government headed by ex-prime minister Shri Vajpayee did much to invest in infrastructure and create jobs, much of this has apparently not perco lated down to the lowest income classes if election results in mid-2004 (when the incumbent government was unceremoniously and unexpectedly voted out) are anything to go by. Not surprisingly, the 5-9 year-age group is again the largest segment, representing almost 11% of the total population. In relative terms, this segment has been stagnant since 1990 and has declined marginally since 2000. Due to a larger base, 15-19 year olds will constitute the largest segment by 2015 despite higher growth by other groups. In keeping with general demographic trends, the population below the age of 20 years grew the maximum over the review period. Dropping mortality rates and better healthcare has increased this population group. The median age of the male population in India is approximately the same as the overall median age of the population. It was 22 in 2000 and stands at a little more than 24 years in 2003. Much of India is a male dominated society, and even in urban areas, women are shouldering more and more household running responsibilities. On a lighter note, urban men are more conscious of their looks be it clothing or even actual physical features. One would find many highlighting their hair or even exploring a manicure or a facial massage in big metro cities such as Mumbai or Delhi. The latest corporate entrant to the beauty services business under the name of Kaya Skin Clinics caters to both men and women with clinics even in Dubai. This is a Marico India Limited promoted venture. There is an entire new category of urban men – â€Å"the meterosexual male† that is as demanding about clothes, footwear, music and even grooming aids or beauty treatments as women. In burgeoning malls, men are spending as much or even more as women due to greater financial independence in relative terms and the freedom to spend money on items of desire or personal use. The youth desire items such as cell phones, PDAs and other electronic gizmos. Footwear is another item high in purchase priority. Whether it is body piercing or permanent tattoos, it is all about making a statement. Fitness and sports-related equipment also catches their fancy. The coming decade from 2004 to 2013 will see growth in the 30-55 age bracket by 2%. This will translate into significantly increased demand for items such as travel and leisure, home and household items, lifestyle accessories and even alcoholic drinks. Table 4 Male Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 59,160 61,431 62,314 60,391 59,897 59,773 5-9 yrs 53,002 57,354 59,926 61,095 59,437 59,106 10-14 yrs 46,682 52,240 56,672 59,329 60,571 58,960 15-19 yrs 44,611 46,274 51,849 56,325 59,034 60,314 20-24 yrs 40,457 44,130 45,829 51,433 55,942 58,675 25-29 yrs 35,848 39,901 43,545 45,268 50,814 55,247 0-34 yrs 31,216 35,289 39,246 42,842 44,475 49,798 35-39 yrs 25,991 30,655 34,636 38,494 41,955 43,397 40-44 yrs 21,137 25,386 29,959 33,846 37,579 40,840 45-49 yrs 17,895 20,428 24,595 29,063 32,849 36,427 50-54 yrs 15,631 17,003 19,497 23,552 27,898 31,550 55-59 yrs 13,346 14,462 15,831 18,258 22,165 26,325 60-64 yrs 10,533 11,826 12,925 14,266 16,58 8 20,254 65-69 yrs 7,660 8,753 9,948 10,992 12,271 14,405 70-74 yrs 5,127 5,833 6,779 7,820 8,771 9,917 75-79 yrs 3,008 3,398 3,956 4,692 5,527 6,303 80+ yrs 1,756 2,094 2,684 3,338 4,129 5,050 TOTAL 433,062 476,458 520,192 561,005 599,902 636,341 Males as % of total 51. 68 51. 63 51. 8 51. 51 51. 44 51. 35 population Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 5 Male Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of male population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 66 12. 89 11. 98 10. 76 9. 98 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 24 12. 04 11. 52 10. 89 9. 91 9. 29 10-14 yrs 10. 78 10. 96 10. 89 10. 58 10. 10 9. 27 15-19 yrs 10. 30 9. 71 9. 97 10. 04 9. 84 9. 48 20-24 yrs 9. 34 9. 26 8. 81 9. 17 9. 33 9. 22 25-29 yrs 8. 28 8. 37 8. 37 8. 07 8. 47 8. 68 30-34 yrs 7. 21 7. 41 7. 54 7. 64 7. 41 7. 83 35-39 yrs 6. 00 6. 43 6. 66 6. 86 6. 99 6. 82 40-44 yrs 4. 88 5. 33 5. 76 6. 03 6. 26 6. 42 45-49 yrs 4. 13 4. 29 4. 73 5. 8 5. 48 5. 72 50-54 yrs 3. 61 3. 57 3. 75 4. 20 4. 65 4. 96 55-59 yrs 3. 08 3. 04 3. 04 3. 25 3. 69 4. 14 60-64 yrs 2. 43 2. 48 2. 48 2. 54 2. 77 3. 18 65-69 yrs 1. 77 1. 84 1. 91 1. 96 2. 05 2. 26 70-74 yrs 1. 18 1. 22 1. 30 1. 39 1. 46 1. 56 75-79 yrs 0. 69 0. 71 0. 76 0. 84 0. 92 0. 99 80+ yrs 0. 41 0. 44 0. 52 0. 60 0. 69 0. 79 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 6 Male Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 04 -4. 08 5-9 yrs 11. 52 -1. 37 10-14 yrs 26. 30 4. 04 15-19 yrs 35. 20 16. 33 20-24 yrs 45. 03 28. 03 5-29 yrs 54. 12 26. 87 30-34 yrs 59. 53 26. 89 35-39 yrs 66. 97 25. 29 40-44 yrs 93. 22 36. 32 45-49 yrs 103. 56 48. 11 50-54 yrs 101. 84 61. 82 55-59 yrs 97. 25 66. 28 60-64 yrs 92. 29 56. 70 65-69 yrs 88. 04 44. 81 70-74 yrs 93. 41 46. 28 75-79 yrs 109. 53 59. 33 80+ yrs 187. 55 88. 16 TOTAL 46. 94 22. 33 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 3 Female Population by Age 58% of the Indian female population is bel ow the age of 29. Of this 45% are over the age of 15 years. Female population proportion is likely to go up in the next decade following stringent official norms for sex determination and abortion of the female foetus. The current sex ratio stands at 933 females per 1,000 males as per the last census. Considering the decline in sex ratio from the previous census in 1991, female infanticide is still rampant not only in certain backward rural areas but also in a new form using modern technology in urban areas. Women in urban India have come a long way since the expectations their mothers or probably grandmothers had to live up to. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was a rarity to see working women. It went without saying that female members of the household handled household running responsibilities. Few would be seen dressed in anything but a sari, the national dress. Smoking and drinking were strict no-nos. Even going to the beauty parlour was considered highly emancipated! Cooking was always at home and done by women. Sacrificing personal wants and compromise were desirable attributes. The scenario dramatically changed in the 1990s with India’s entry onto the world beauty scene. Suddenly, every woman wanted to look good or do something that made a difference to her or to someone else. The salwar-kameez is almost a universal dress code. Originally, a North Indian attire, it caught the imagination of women from every region for its convenience and comfort. Young women are much surer of what they want and how to get it. Domestic duties such as cooking are minimised or taken care of in other ways. They would much rather work or do something that they would much rather be doing. Western-style dressing consisting of pants and a shirt is much more common even in workplaces. Social drinking is largely acceptable though still not desirable. On the other hand smoking is still a no-no notwithstanding the rise in number of working women who smoke in public. More and more women today have access to some means of income be it small or large amounts and even take investment decisions or play a significant role in the decision making. Today, one can see a mix of all kinds of women ranging from the traditional conservative to the ultra modern sophisticate. Even the traditional conservative is surprisingly quite progressive in emotional matters pertaining to education or even careers. While women are now increasingly comfortable with their bodies and do not mind even flaunting it, they still would prefer striking a balance between home and work. With more and more women earning their own money, they are now almost equally positioned as bread earners in families. Most men find it difficult to deal with this situation since money and the way it must be spent (larger sums that probably go beyond household expenses) is still considered a male domain. But there is an increasing segment that is now taking investment decisions as well. The stock market boom in 2003 attracted large numbers of housewives who got into the act of trading shares, earning just that little bit extra irrespective of their socioeconomic status or educational background. The attitude towards motherhood is changing. It is now more a matter of choice than chance. Young urban educated women are taking parenting much more seriously. Previously, the first child was born at an average age of 25, today in some parts it is 32 years. Women-on-vacation is another phenomenon slowly becoming visible at railway platforms, airport lounges and even gravelled roads. Single, married, divorced or bereaved and aged anywhere from 16-70 years, women are on the move. As the population ages and more working women constitute the Indian population, there will be a demand for items of personal use and anti-ageing products and services. The number of women smoking or drinking is also on the rise. Earlier considered taboo, rising pressures professionally and personally have only contributed to this changing paradigm. Table 7 Female Population by Age: 1990-2015 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 55,639 57,805 58,660 56,951 56,565 56,552 5-9 yrs 49,287 53,491 55,994 57,201 55,823 55,652 10-14 yrs 43,098 48,320 52,630 55,254 56,565 55,266 15-19 yrs 40,657 42,596 47,848 52,217 54,903 56,261 20-24 yrs 36,806 40,050 42,049 47,357 51,781 54,513 25-29 yrs 32,460 36,197 39,456 41,504 46,793 51,183 30-34 yrs 28,206 31,972 35,680 38,912 0,886 46,004 35-39 yrs 23,671 27,780 31,516 35,163 38,289 40,106 40-44 yrs 20,020 23,247 27,322 31,008 34,567 37,555 45-49 yrs 17,489 19,549 22,752 26,779 30,404 33,867 50-54 yrs 15,493 16,890 18,945 22,115 26,082 29,640 55-59 yrs 13,200 14,683 16,086 18,133 21,257 25,144 60-64 yrs 10,490 12,116 13,571 14,976 17,001 20,046 65-69 yrs 7,847 9,126 10,651 12,054 13,439 15,402 70-74 yrs 5,420 6,278 7,417 8,794 10,099 11,414 75-79 yrs 3,266 3,815 4,515 5,453 6,600 7,720 80+ yrs 1,922 2,403 3,267 4,198 5,302 6,658 TOTAL 404,970 446,317 488,357 528,067 566,356 602,984 Females as % of total 48. 32 48. 37 48. 42 8. 49 48. 56 48. 65 population Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 8 Female Population by Age (% Analysis): 1990-2015 % of female population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 74 12. 95 12. 01 10. 78 9. 99 9. 38 5-9 yrs 12. 17 11. 99 11. 47 10. 83 9. 86 9. 23 10-14 yrs 10. 64 10. 83 10. 78 10. 46 9. 99 9. 17 15-19 yrs 10. 04 9. 54 9. 80 9. 89 9. 69 9. 33 20-24 yrs 9. 09 8. 97 8. 61 8. 97 9. 14 9. 04 25-29 yrs 8. 02 8. 11 8. 08 7. 86 8. 26 8. 49 30-34 yrs 6. 96 7. 16 7. 31 7. 37 7. 22 7. 63 35-39 yrs 5. 85 6. 22 6. 45 6. 66 6. 76 6. 65 40-44 yrs 4. 94 5. 21 5. 59 5. 87 6. 10 6. 23 5-49 yrs 4. 32 4. 38 4. 66 5. 07 5. 37 5. 62 50-54 yrs 3. 83 3. 78 3. 88 4. 19 4. 61 4. 92 55-59 yrs 3. 26 3. 29 3. 29 3. 43 3. 75 4. 17 60-64 yrs 2. 59 2. 71 2. 78 2. 84 3. 00 3. 32 65-69 yrs 1. 94 2. 04 2. 18 2. 28 2. 37 2. 55 70-74 yrs 1. 34 1. 41 1. 52 1. 67 1. 78 1. 89 75-79 yrs 0. 81 0. 85 0. 92 1. 03 1. 17 1. 28 80+ yrs 0. 47 0. 54 0. 67 0. 80 0. 94 1. 10 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 9 Female Population by Age (Growth): 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 64 -3. 59 5-9 yrs 12. 91 -0. 61 10-14 yrs 8. 23 5. 01 15-19 yrs 38. 38 17. 58 20-24 yrs 48. 11 29. 64 25-29 yrs 57. 68 29. 72 30-34 yrs 63. 10 28. 94 35-39 yrs 69. 43 27. 26 40-44 yrs 87. 59 37. 45 45-49 yrs 93. 65 48. 86 50-54 yrs 91. 31 56. 45 55-59 yrs 90. 48 56. 32 60-64 yrs 91. 10 47. 72 65-69 yrs 96. 28 44. 61 70-74 yrs 110. 60 53. 89 75-79 yrs 136. 38 70. 98 80+ yrs 246. 49 103. 82 TOTAL 48. 90 23. 47 Source: UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 4 Fertility and Birth Fertility rates in India fell to 2. 9 in 2003. The decline can be attributed to the rise in mean age at ma rriage and the postponement of the child-bearing decision. The average age of Indian women at child birth rose to 28 years in 2003. In some urban areas and metro cities it could well be early 30s. As women seek higher educational and professional achievements, urban families are postponing having children. In many cases, one of the reasons cited is that they would like to know their spouses better before giving rise to a social responsibility. Amongst celebrities such as personalities from the film industry as well as fashion, adoption is being increasingly accepted. These are usually highly successful, financially independent women who cannot or do not find the need for a spouse to raise children. Men still take a back seat where adoption is concerned. A complete change in the way earning opportunities present themselves in an increasingly open economy and the transient nature of jobs, values and money have made Indians seek personal confidence and stability before committing themselves further. Birth control has received total government support irrespective of the political party in power. However, a large number of women may not be able to afford birth control even if they wish to do so. Large numbers of couples want to space or limit births but they are not using any method of contraception. According to official sources, a nationwide survey it undertook showed that approximately 16% of couples or about 30 million couples have an unmet need for contraception. High fertility is one important factor affecting the reproductive health of women. One out of every 75 women of reproductive age dies from child birth-related causes. Other reproductive health indicators also reflect a generally poor health status. Only 15% of mothers receive complete antenatal care, and only 58% receive any iron/folate tablets or syrup. Only 34% of deliveries take place in facilities, and, at best, 42% are assisted by a health professional. Though there are official government norms for promoting two children families, there are many holding public positions that have three or four or even more children. It is therefore difficult for lawmakers who themselves go against government policies to implement them with complete resolution. There is a wide disparity in the population growth rates amongst various states. Southern states have achieved a greater measure of success in almost stabilising their birth rate growth due to a higher level of education and literacy in general. On the other hand, Northern states such as Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar represent a dismal picture. There is an unmet need for family planning in these states and about 25% of it is in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state. Is it a boy or a girl? The legacy of a declining sex ratio in the history of the Census of India took a new turn with the widespread use of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) in urban areas. NRTs are based on the principles of selection of the desirable and rejection of the unwanted. In India, the desirable is the baby boy and the unwanted is the baby girl. The result is obvious; the Census of 2001 revealed that with a sex ratio of 933 women for every 1,000 men, India had a deficit of 3. million women when it entered the new millennium. To stop the abuse of advanced scientific techniques for selective elimination of female foetuses through sex -determination, the government of India passed the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act in 1994. But techno-docs based in the metropolises and other urban centres, and parents desirous of begetting only sons, have subverted it. Outreach to the most vulnerable elements of the population is very limited, and the quality of services, in general, is poor. Additional constraints exist in the delivery of services. For family planning, the choice of methods is often limited and sterilisation remains the method of choice. Other approaches, including delaying the age of marriage and first pregnancies, and encouraging longer birth intervals, present major social and policy challenges. Religious and medical barriers exist in some areas, as do cultural issues associated with the preference for boys and denial of opportunities for girls and women. However, both the private and the public sector are taking substantial initiatives in the area of healthcare and there have been some improvements. Fertility rates fell by 23% over the 1990-2003 period though there was a slight increase in 2002. Some studies have shown that the increase was due to natural calamities in 2001 and 2002 accompanied by civil disturbances when citizens were mostly confined to their homes and had limited entertainment options. The fertility rate fell the following year by nearly 4% in 2003 over 2002 in keeping with the trend over the last decade. Table 10 Fertility and Birth: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Average age of women at 20. 40 24. 20 26. 70 27. 20 27. 80 28. 33 hildbirth (years) Birth rates (per ‘000 30. 07 27. 45 24. 90 24. 37 23. 78 23. 40 inhabitants) Fertility rates 3. 80 3. 48 3. 06 2. 99 3. 02 2. 91 (children born per female) Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor Table 11 Fertility and Birth (Growth): 1990/2003, 2002/2003 % growth 1990/2003 2002/2003 Average age of women at childbirth 38. 87 1. 91 Birth rat es -22. 18 -1. 60 Fertility rates -23. 42 -3. 64 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor 2. 5 Population by Marital Status There are only two dominant types of population by marital status in India – married or single. Married Married couples form more than half the population in India. Marriage is a sacred institution accompanied and governed by numerous social and religious customs and sanctions. Elders in the family normally arrange marriages in most of India and even with changing social fabric, parental acceptance and blessings are important. The result is a blend of the old and the new where brides/bridegrooms-to-be actually meet or see each other before the marriage and are allowed to exercise their choices. Marriage and child rearing is an accepted way of life and youngsters between the ages of 18 and 30 do look forward to settling down and getting married. An unmarried individual would stand out in the predominantly middle-class Indian society. However, acceptance of this is also increasing. There are a number of young adults, usually successful in their own lives, who choose not to get married or are unable to get married. Cracks and strains have started showing in a number of marriages due to postponement of the marriage decision, new income earning opportunities, changing lifestyles, new technologies and a sea change in attitudes and spirations in urban India. Hence, married families in 2003 grew at a slower rate than divorced or single families at only 1. 4%. Divorce Divorce is a little uncommon but is growing in incidence with young couples not willing to compromise or spend time on making a relationship successful. Interestingly, it is couples who knew each other before marriage that are seeing a rise in divorce rather than â€Å"arranged† family affairs that are part of Indian convention. There are instances of certain communities that are using technology (SMSs – Short Messaging System) to divorce their spouses by sending the message â€Å"divorce† thrice! The number of divorce cases filed in some cities reaches as high as 17,000 cases in Kolkata city with Pune having the least at 2,000. Some 9,000 cases are filed each year in Mumbai city alone. Widowers Widowers form a small 5% of Indian society that predominantly consists of youth. Rising longevity, increasing age at marriage and even social reform with respect to â€Å"child widows†, â€Å"child marriages† and â€Å"widow remarriage† have contained the growth of this category of the population. There are not too many widows/widowers in urban areas and even these generally stay with their families as in their sons or daughters. In certain rural areas, with lack of healthcare and awareness of a number of health conditions, widowers could form a slightly larger population segment. Co-habitation Co-habitation is still not viewed with much respect in a society steeped in tradition. In the Western state of Gujarat there is actually a quasi-legal arrangement called â€Å"Maitri Karar† that stipulates the responsibilities of a contract â€Å"friendship†. However, there are a growing number of homosexuals –both men and women, who have come out of the closet and are finding some acceptance. There are at least five lesbian groups in the country which are striving to provide dignity to this section of the populace. There is a large number who is probably not even aware of their preferences and go through much turmoil in the process. Yet, permissiveness is at an all-time high. 27% of the population in Bangalore; Chennai 28%; Delhi 22%t; Hyderabad 20%; Kolkata 32%; Mumbai 24% feel that both partners should be free to have extramarital sex with the spouse’s consent. Delhiites are most likely to have done it at a younger age than their counterparts in other cities. Hyderabadis and Mumbaikars show the maximum inclination to infidelity. Adultery is going middle-class, to small-town India, going commonplace, even going boring. Dangerous liaisons used to be for the aristos and the plebs. Those in between, the middle classes, were tethered by moral chastity belts – only their fantasies could roam freely. Or it was all within the family, the extramarital dalliances, that is. The scarlet letter is now fading fast: stigma is getting passe and guilt for an increasing number is no more than a twitch. New technology is an important factor encouraging the phenomenon. Internet and mushrooming cyber cafes have helped, as have mobile phones and SMS facilities. Middle-class India is having a great time and most Westerners are shocked at the change. Table 12 Population by Marital Status: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 471,829 494,405 516,978 524,708 532,254 539,637 Divorced 3,093 5,010 8,059 8,214 8,365 8,510 Widowed 52,532 56,663 53,373 54,144 54,895 55,629 Single other/unknown 310,578 366,696 430,138 438,100 445,958 453,729 TOTAL 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,025,166 1,041,471 1,057,505 Average age of women at 19. 00 22. 90 25. 50 25. 90 26. 50 26. 97 first marriage (years) Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 13 Population by Marital Status (% Analysis): 1990/1995, 2000-2003 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 56. 30 53. 58 51. 26 51. 18 51. 11 51. 03 Divorced 0. 37 0. 54 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 Widowed 6. 27 6. 14 5. 29 5. 28 5. 27 5. 26 Single other/unknown 37. 06 39. 74 42. 65 42. 73 42. 82 42. 91 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January Table 14 Population by Marital Status (Growth): 1990/2003, 2000/2003 growth 1990/2003 2000/2003 Married 14. 37 4. 38 Divorced 175. 1 5. 59 Widowed 5. 9 4. 23 Single other/unknown 46. 09 5. 48 TOTAL 26. 19 4. 85 Average age of women at first marriage 41. 93 5. 75 Source: National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note: As at 1 January 2. 6 Population by Educational Attainment Indians place a lot of im portance on higher education as is evident from the number of graduates as well as the number of Indians doing extremely well in other parts of the world. Despite huge odds, the literacy rate now stands at more than 65% for the country as a whole. In terms of numbers, most of the population has some form of primary education. Kerala is the only state that has 100% literacy. Public expenditure on education now stands at 4% of GDP, well below the Kothari Commission recommendation of 6% way back in 1968. The private sector is now taking increasing initiatives in primary level education after having participated in a mixed fashion in the form of self-financed colleges and institutions of higher learning. This is one of the factors for higher growth in the level of education attainment at higher levels as compared to primary education. There are about 888,000 educational institutions in the country with an enrolment of about 179 million. Elementary Education System in India is the second largest in the World with 149 million children of 6-14 years enrolled and almost three million teachers. This is about 82% of the children in the age group. Compulsory education has been enforced in four States and Union Territories (UTs) at the primary stage of education while in eight States/UTs there is compulsory education covering the entire elementary stage of education. As many as 20 States/UTs have not introduced any measure of compulsion. Though education is in the concurrent list (ie both the Central and State governments are responsible for this social sector) of the Constitution, the State Governments play a very major role in the development of education particularly in the primary and the secondary education sectors. In order to facilitate donations including smaller amounts from India and abroad for implementing projects/programmes connected with the education sector, the Government constituted the â€Å"Bharat Shiksha Kosh† as a Society registered under the Society Registration Act, 1860. The Kosh was officially launched on 9 January 2003 during the celebration of Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas. The Kosh will receive donations/contributions/endowments, from individuals and corporate, Central and State Governments, non-resident Indians and people of Indian origin for various activities across all sectors of education. Table 15 Population by Educational Attainment: 1990/1995, 2000-2003 ‘000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Primary no education 372,583 378,124 391,590 400,014 408,770 417,596 Secondary 79,103 121,874 163,622 167,434 171,221 175,064 Higher 79,478 92,137 107,140 109,858 112,464 115,123 TOTAL 531,164 592,134 662,352 How to cite Indian Consumer Behavior, Papers

The Happiest and Saddest You have Felt Essay Sample free essay sample

Many memories of different events in life with all the inside informations sing their fortunes. feelings and emotions. neer go off ; they stay with us ever and we neer seem to bury them. Some of the imprinted memories are cheerful. happy and optimistic. but many of them represent things that. even though they took topographic point. we ever wish that we can be able. one twenty-four hours. to bury about them. The happiest and most joyful event that I still retrieve with all its inside informations was when I turned 18. and to be more accurate: It was the dark instantly before my birthday. That dark. I was tremendously happy about eventually going an grownup ( I truly did non see the difference: How one twenty-four hours person is a minor and the following she or he is a adult female or a adult male responsible and accountable for all her/his determinations and actions ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Happiest and Saddest You have Felt Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that it is something that any miss. or male child. dreams of in the first old ages of her/his life. I couldn’t sleep that dark. I was believing of the following forenoon and twenty-four hours. but I was besides believing of the hereafter in general. what was to come in my life. I remember that my bosom was crushing really fast. I was experiencing it crushing strong ; I was happy. But I besides remember that I was worried. non cognizing how my life would be traveling and if I would win on my ain. It was a mixture of feelings. but happiness and satisfaction was the 1 that I remember the most. The most hard. and though the saddest event that happened in my life was affecting a beloved friend who lost his life in a auto accident. I was 22. I still remember how the universe merely stopped around me. I truly saw everything base still. I could non talk ; I merely did non happen the words. all the memories with that friend passed through my head in a affair of seconds. but I felt them as if they were hours. I can non depict the feeling in that minute and the minutes that followed. Possibly. this was the first clip that I understood that we are so delicate and incapacitated. One twenty-four hours. person exists ; he/she is a portion of your life. he/she has their ain lives. dreams. feelings. ideas. and memories. and the following twenty-four hours. that same individual is nil more than a memory. I cried for yearss. nil would hold brought my friend back. but I could non manage that experiencing. I think I still find it to hard to cover with.